Unexpected magnetism explained in Cu/Cu2O-rGO nanocomposite

The observation of room temperature ferromagnetism along with a low temperature paramagnetic counterpart in undoped Cu-Cu2O-rGO nanocomposite was demonstrated. A phenomenological approach was taken to explain the observations based on 3D Ising model for arbitrary spins generated due to Cu vacancy in the Cu2O system preferably at the interface

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Not AvailableThe calibration approach is a popular technique for incorporating auxiliary information for estimation of population parameters in survey sampling. In general, the Calibration Approach assumes the availability of population-level auxiliary information. On the contrary, in large scale surveys, it is often the case that population-level data on auxiliary variable is not available, but it is relatively inexpensive to collect. In the present article, in case of non-availability of population-level relatively inexpensive data on auxiliary variable under two stage sampling, we developed product type calibration estimator of the finite population total using double sampling approach along with the sampling variance and variance estimator. The study variable is assumed to be inversely related with the auxiliary variable. Proposed product type calibration estimator was evaluated through a simulation study which showed that the proposed product type calibration estimator was performing efficiently over traditional Narain-Horvitz-Thompson type expansion estimator as well as product estimator of the finite population total in case of two stage sampling involving two phases at both the stages.Not Availabl

Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in the Reduced Survival of Erythrocytes in Visceral Leishmaniasis

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) plays a vital role in maintaining the survivability of circulating erythrocytes. Here we have investigated whether NO depletion associated with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is responsible for the reduced survival of erythrocytes observed during the disease. Methods: Infected hamsters were treated with standard anti-leishmanial sodium stibogluconate (SAG) and NO donor isosorbide dinitrate (ISD). Erythrophagocytosis by macrophages was determined by labelling the cells with FITC followed by flow cytometry. Aggregation of band3 was estimated from band3 associated EMA fluorescence. Caspase 3 activity was measured using immunosorbent assay kit. Phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization and cell shrinkage were determined using annexin V. Aminophspholipid translocase and scramblase activities were measured following NBD-PS and NBD-PC internalization, respectively. Results: Impairment of both synthesis and uptake of NO resulted in decreased bioavailability of this signaling molecule in erythrocytes in VL. NO level was replenished after simultaneous treatment with ISD and SAG. Combination treatment decreased red cell apoptosis in infected animals by deactivating caspase 3 through s-nitrosylation. Drug treatment prevented infection-mediated ATP depletion and altered calcium homeostasis in erythrocytes. Improved metabolic environment effectively amended dysregulation of aminophospholipid translocase and scramblase, which in turn reduced cell shrinkage, and exposure of phosphatidylserine on the cell surface under the diseased condition. Conclusion and general significance: In this study, we have identified NO depletion to be an important factor in promoting premature hemolysis with the progress of leishmanial infection. The study implicates NO to be a possible target for future drug development towards the promotion of erythrocyte survival in VL

Calibration Based Regression Type Estimator of the Population Total under Two Stage Sampling Design

Not AvailableRegression type estimators of the population total were developed using the calibration approach under the assumption that the population level auxiliary information is available at primary stage unit level under two stage sampling design. The variance and the estimator of the variance of the proposed estimators were also developed. Theoretical results obtained are demonstrated through simulation studies. Empirical results show that the proposed estimators outperforms the usual regression estimators under two stage sampling design in terms of the criteria of relative bias and relative root mean square error.Not Availabl

Product type Calibration Estimation of Finite Population Total under Two Stage Sampling

Not AvailableThe Calibration Approach proposed by Deville and Särndal (1992) is a popular technique to efficiently use auxiliary information in survey sampling. In this study, calibration estimators of the finite population total have been developed under two stage sampling design along with variance of the estimator and the corresponding estimator of variance. It is assumed that the population level complex auxiliary information is available at the second stage of selection and the study variable is inversely related to the available auxiliary information. The proposed calibration estimators were evaluated through a simulation study and it was found that all the proposed product type calibration estimators perform better than the Horvitz-Thompson estimator as well as usual product estimator of the population total under two stage sampling design

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Not AvailableAuxiliary information is often used to improve the precision of estimators of finite population total. Calibration approach is widely used for making efficient use of auxiliary information in survey estimation. We proposed the regression type estimators of the population total using the calibration approach under the assumption that the population level auxiliary information is available at secondary stage unit level under two stage sampling design. Through Simulation it was found that all the proposed estimators are performing better than the usual Horvitz-Thompson estimators under two stage sampling design.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableRegression type estimators of the population total were developed using the calibration approach under the assumption that the population level auxiliary information is available at primary stage unit level under two stage sampling design. The variance and the estimator of the variance of the proposed estimators were also developed. Theoretical results obtained are demonstrated through simulation studies. Empirical results show that the proposed estimators outperforms the usual regression estimators under two stage sampling design in terms of the criteria of relative bias and relative root mean square erro