Evaluation of single electron transfer reduction products of 3-oxoindoles as antibacterial agents

Objective: The objective of the present study is to assess the antibacterial properties of six indole derivatives viz, 3-(Naphth-1-y - methyl) –indole (II), 3-(1-Naphthylcarbonyl – indole (III), 3,3\u27 –diformyl-2,2\u27 –bis indole (IV), 1,4- (3,3\u27 –di indolyl) – 1,4-dioxobutane (V), 3-benzoyl indole (VI) and 1,1 – bis – (3-indolyl)- ethane (VII) synthesized by single electron transfer reduction of 3-formylindole (I) against two Gram +ve and two Gram –ve bacteria which usually cause human infections. Methods: Synthesis of 3-formyl indole from which the indole derivatives were prepared were further characterized by IR and NMR analysis. The six synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity by agar diffusion method and the activities were further confirmed by determining their MIC values by microdilution technique. Results: All of the compounds more or less showed activity against different bacterial species except compound IV which showed activity only against B. subtilis. Compound II exhibited the most potent activity with lower MIC values against two Gram –ve and one Gram +ve bacteria of which the Gram –ve ones are known to be responsible for nosocomial and community acquired infections. Conclusion: Compound II being the most potent active compound may serve as leads for further optimization most likely to contribute as a broad spectrum antibiotic

Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and the recurrence of breast cancer in a tertiary care rural hospital of West Bengal, India

Background: Prior studies have shown long-term outcome of Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy (NACT) for locally advanced breast carcinoma. The purpose of the current study was to analyse the number and pattern of breast cancer recurrence at a rural hospital of West Bengal, India. The study also tried to evaluate the type of therapy received by the recurrent patients during their primary presentation and compare the disease free survival rate of the patients receiving NACT and Adjuvant Chemotherapy (ACT).Methods: A single institution (B.S. Medical College, Bankura) retrospective chart review in the year of 2011-2014 was performed. The Kaplan-Meier methods were used to calculate disease-free survival (DFS) from the date of initiation of NACT to the date of recurrence.Results: Of 776 patients in four years (2011-2014) total numbers of breast cancer recurrent patients were 30. The Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed disease free survival of 5 years (95% confidence interval) in case of early stage breast cancer (EBC) and 2.5 years (95% CI) in locally advanced breast CA (LABC). It was 29 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 26.74-33.253) for recurrence free survival in case of patients treated with NACT and 60 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 58.13-61.86) for recurrence free survival in case of patients not treated by NACT i.e. ACT cases.Conclusions: This study indicates multimodality Neo-Adjuvant chemotherapy helps to achieve complete pathological response in locally advance breast cancer. Despite the recurrence free survival in NACT patients is significantly low than the patients who received adjuvant chemothepapy

Poly(Pyridinium Salt)s Containing 2,7-Diamino-9,9\u27-Dioctylfluorene Moieties with Various Organic Counterions Exhibiting Both Lyotropic Liquid-Crystalline and Light-Emitting Properties

A series of poly(pyridinium salt)s-fluorene main-chain ionic polymers with various organic counterions were synthesized by using ring-transmutation polymerization and metathesis reactions. Their chemical structures were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), proton (1H), and fluorine 19 (19F) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers. These polymers showed a number-average molecular weight (Mns) between 96.5 and 107.8 kg/mol and polydispersity index (PDI) in the range of 1.12-1.88. They exhibited fully-grown lyotropic phases in polar protic and aprotic solvents at different critical concentrations. Small-angle X-ray scattering for one polymer example indicates lyotropic structure formation for 60-80% solvent fraction. A lyotropic smectic phase contains 10 nm polymer platelets connected by tie molecules. The structure also incorporates a square packing motif within platelets. Thermal properties of polymers were affected by the size of counterions as determined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis measurements. Their ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra in different organic solvents were essentially identical, indicating that the closely spaced π-π* transitions occurred in their conjugated polymer structures. In contrast, the emission spectra of polymers exhibited a positive solvatochromism on changing the polarity of solvents. They emitted green lights in both polar and nonpolar organic solvents and showed blue light in the film-states, but their λem peaks were dependent on the size of the counterions. They formed aggregates in polar aprotic and protic solvents with the addition of water (v/v, 0-90%), and their λem peaks were blue shifted

Successful surgical management of carcinoma lung in a 80 years old male

Carcinoma of the lung is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. If left untreated, this growth can spread beyond the lung by process of metastasis into nearby tissue or other parts of the body. Various surgical modalities have been used with the treatment of lung cancer with variable results. We report a case of 80 years- old male admitted to National Institute of Chest Diseases and Hospital with dry cough for one month and chest pain for twenty days. On his physical examination there was no significant abnormality. Hematological and biochemical findings were also normal. In his CXR -P/A view showed a rounded opacity in the right lung field. It was diagnosed as a case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the right upper lobe of lung by a CT guided FNAC.  We had performed segmentectomy of the lesion on right upper lobe by a right sided thoracotomy. Histopathological report confirmed the diagnosis and showed that the excised margins were free of tumor invasion. Patients recovery was uneventful. Patient was discharged on 15th post operative day with advice for further follow up and also referred to Oncology Department for further management. In conclusion this was a case of carcinoma lung which was successfully managed by surgical intervention due to judicious suspicion adequate evaluation and measures in time

Successful surgical management of carcinoma lung in a 80 years old male

Carcinoma of the lung is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. If left untreated, this growth can spread beyond the lung by process of metastasis into nearby tissue or other parts of the body. Various surgical modalities have been used with the treatment of lung cancer with variable results. We report a case of 80 years- old male admitted to National Institute of Chest Diseases and Hospital with dry cough for one month and chest pain for twenty days. On his physical examination there was no significant abnormality. Hematological and biochemical findings were also normal. In his CXR -P/A view showed a rounded opacity in the right lung field. It was diagnosed as a case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the right upper lobe of lung by a CT guided FNAC.  We had performed segmentectomy of the lesion on right upper lobe by a right sided thoracotomy. Histopathological report confirmed the diagnosis and showed that the excised margins were free of tumor invasion. Patients recovery was uneventful. Patient was discharged on 15th post operative day with advice for further follow up and also referred to Oncology Department for further management. In conclusion this was a case of carcinoma lung which was successfully managed by surgical intervention due to judicious suspicion adequate evaluation and measures in time

Design, Fabrication and Preliminary Characterisation of ZkLiNbO, Directional Coupler Switch(Short Communication)

directional coupler switch with Db-reversed electrode structure is designed, fabricated and characterised. The fabricated 2 x 2 directional coupler has crosstalk of 4.8 dB at 1.31 µm transmitting wavelength

A new route to the synthesis of indolo[2,3-a]carbazoles

A straightforward, easy and smooth process of synthesizing indolo[2,3-a]carbazoles, which can frequently serve as a nucleus of several natural products is reported. The process involves only two steps viz. single electron transfer reaction and subsequent reductive cyclization with hydrazine

An entry to the synthesis of novel nitrogen macroheterocycles

2,2'-Bi(1H-indolyl)-3,3'-dicarbaldehydes, prepared from 1H-indole-3-carbaldehydes by exploiting SET methodology, served as the key compound for synthesizing indolo[2,3-a]carbazoles as well as nitrogen macroheterocycles. Condensation of 2,2'-bi(1H-indolyl)-3,3'-dicarbaldehyde with aliphatic diamines produced Schiff’s base type compounds possessing a 10–14-membered ring