FIRST REPORT ON UTERINE INTUSSUSCEPTION AS A CAUSE OF DYSTOCIA IN GERMAN SHEPHERD DOG

Uterine intussusceptions are a rare emergency clinical condition and have been reported in immediately postpartum female dogs in a few recent case reports but never as a cause of dystocia. A 20-month-old primiparous German shepherd dog with complete gestation and showing greenish-black vaginal discharge was presented. The animal was hyperactive with abdominal discomfort, hyperpnoea, and tachycardia. Radiographic examination revealed at least 3 fetal skeletons while ultrasonography revealed multiple fetuses with no heartbeats. Based on the initial tentative diagnosis of primary uterine inertia oxytocin, calcium gluconate, and dextrose normal saline was administered but subsequently, no expulsion of fetuses occurred. Hence, the cesarean section was the only option to deliver the fetus. After incising the abdomen from the left flank approach, it was found that there was telescoping of the uterus. The complete right and half left uterine horns were telescoped with each other while, the half left uterine horn was normal. Two fetuses were present in the telescoped cyanotic right uterine horn while one fetus was there in the normal left uterine horn. First, the fetuses were removed by incising both uterine horns separately so that the size of the uterus could be reduced by removing the telescoping part of the uterus. Then, the telescoping was removed and an ovariohysterectomy was done to prevent toxemia. The animal recovered uneventfully after surgery. Thus, this case presents the first report of uterine intussusceptions causing dystocia and its successful surgical management in a dog

FETAL MUMMIFICATION IN ONE OF THE TRIPLET KIDS - A CAUSE OF DYSTOCIA IN A NON-DESCRIPT DOE: CASE REPORT

A non-descript doe in its 7 th. parity was presented with the history of 5 months and 5 days gestation period showing futile signs of imminent kidding with teat engorgement and vaginal discharge from last 12 hours but no delivery of fetus. The gynecological examination of the doe revealed an engaged fetus in the birth canal with simultaneous presence of a hard-rubbery structure. Gentle traction was applied using small eye hook following proper lubrication of the birth canal and triplet comprising of two mature but dead and one mummified fetus were delivered. The case highlights the rare occurrence of one mummified fetus as co-triplet with two mature fetuses in the simultaneous presentation causing dystocia in doe

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Not AvailableThe advent of nanotechnology since the 1950s, when the well-known physicist Rich ard P. Feynman talked in his famous talk about “There's plenty of room at the bot tom”, has led to incredible contribution of nanotechnology in the fields of medical and veterinary therapeutics, diagnostics and other applications. Semen biology deal ing with the study of spermatozoa and its related physiological and pathological aspects has not remained unscathed from the facets of nanotechnology. With each passing day investigators are revealing newer aspects of the nanoparticles, such as an antioxidants to relieve oxidative stress during semen cryopreservation, for the deple tion of moribund spermatozoa from semen, gender selection of spermatozoa, bio imaging of gametes, sperm mediated gene transfer, as well as for male fertility evaluation. As, the uses of various magnetic nanoparticles in the industry have gained acceleration, the evaluation of their effects, either beneficial or otherwise on the mammalian spermatozoa becomes obligatory. Many toxicological studies have also been conducted in respect to the harmful effects of different metallic nanoparticles related to their applicability, and industry borne adverse effects on the male germ cells in human beings and the animals. This review has been designed to focus on the beneficial as well as toxicological effects of various metallic nanoparticles on the mammalian spermatozoa and the future prospects related to their applicability in the semen biologyNot Availabl

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Not AvailableBackground: Sperm mitochondria are the major site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and excess production during freezing-thawing process inflicts oxidative damages to spermatozoa. Buffalo spermatozoa are more prone to oxidative damage due to inherently more polyunsaturated fatty acids and low cholesterol to phospholipids ratio in the plasma membrane. A mitochondrial targeted antioxidant, Mito-TEMPO was used in this study. Objective: To study the effect of Mito-TEMPO incorporated semen extender on the post-thaw semen quality in buffalo. Materials and methods: A total of 18 ejaculates from three murrah buffalo bulls with ≥70% individual progressive motility were utilized for the study. Each semen sample was equally divided and extended with five groups: Group I (Control, without Mito-TEMPO addition); Group II (10 µM Mito-TEMPO); Group III (50 µM Mito-TEMPO); Group IV (100 µM Mito-TEMPO); Group V (500 µM Mito-TEMPO) to have 80×106 progressive motile sperm/mL of extender, filled and sealed in French mini straws (0.25 mL) and frozen following equilibration. The effect of Mito-TEMPO was assessed at fresh/post-dilution and post-thaw stages by evaluating physico-morphological attributes and functional membrane integrity such as hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST). Results: Initial progressive motility, viability, acrosomal integrity and HOS response was significantly (p<0.05) improved and sperm abnormality was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in extended semen with Mito-TEMPO (50 µM) compared to control at post-thaw stage, although improvement was also observed at 10 and 100 µM in post-thaw samples. Conclusion: Mito-TEMPO incorporated semen extender at 50 µM concentration, could be part of a rationale for improving post-thaw semen quality in buffalo.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableDespite recent advances in technique of spermatozoa cryopreservation, there are still ejaculates present that fail to meet strict quality standard; mainly due to detrimental effect of imbalance of free radicals. The omnipresence of dead/defective spermatozoa in ejaculates of eutherian species is a major source of excessive free radicals. Though sperm-selection techniques, as well as addition of antioxidants addressed the problem to a certain extent, the major source of free radicals in the semen remained, causing much damage. This study attempts to remove dead/damaged spermatozoa using negative fertility-marker. The effect is unraveled by Hypo osmotic (HOS), and fluorescein-conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA) assay, further confirmed by Ca2+-regulating mechanisms and depolarization of sperm membrane potential, reduction in concentration of free radicals and finally by in vitro fertility assay. The study involved functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with silane followed by bio-conjugation with anti-ubiquitin antibodies. The nano-purification of semen using anti-ubiquitin conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) (antibody concentrations 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml) was attempted. The efficiency of nano-purification was 18.1%–43.8% in the study. The results revealed greater (P ≤ 0.05) spermatozoa population with intact plasma membrane, acrosome integrity, high mitochondrial membrane potential and pattern-F (least intracellular Ca2+), evidence of low lipid peroxidation and higher total antioxidant capacity in nano-purified groups. More number of spermatozoa were bound to zona pellucida of matured oocytes from nano-depleted than non-depleted group. The findings demonstrate antibody concentration of 1.0 μg/ml bio-conjugated with IONPs as most efficient in enriching the ejaculate with functional spermatozoa with the highest percentage of zona binding.Not Availabl