Registering a marriage and having a child in Russia: an analysis of individual biographies based on vital statistics data

The paper addresses the link between getting pregnant and getting married in Russia. The authors use 2010 data on current births in selected regions of Russia to analyze the relationship between marriage registration date and the date of conception, as well as age-related and regional features of this relationship. Special attention is given to the phenomenon of registering out-of-wedlock births based on parents’ joint applications as well as to the association between this type of behavior and parents’ age. Using individual data from the 2010 Census the authors examine the change of women’s marital status during the first five years after birth of the first child. The results suggest that the widespread practice of registering marriages during the second trimester of pregnancies still persists in Russia. This is most typical for young people getting married for the first time. Together with the relatively high rates of dissolution of marital unions with children, this supports the interpretation of this kind of marriage as a marker of traditionalist demographic behavior

Deinstitutionalization of orphan care in modern Russia : politics, public initiatives, implementation

Non peer reviewe

A case of severe hyperparathyroidism in clinical practice. Case report

Disorders of the mineral balance often determine the symptoms, the severity of the course and the prognosis of many diseases. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disease caused by increased secretion of parathyroid hormone as a result of primary damage to the parathyroid glands. Diagnosis of PHPT is often difficult. Clinical signs of PHPT appear months or years after the onset of the disease, however, the presence of hypercalcemia serves as an early indication of the disease of the thyroid gland. Often, patients are observed for a long time by related specialists (rheumatologists, traumatologists-orthopedists, oncologists), which gives rise to a lot of problems consisting in the lack of adequate treatment and its result, the progression of the disease, disability, and a decrease in the quality of life. Often, patients are observed for a long time by related specialists (rheumatologists, orthopedic traumatologists, oncologists) under the “masks” of various pathologies (osteoporosis, recurrent urolithiasis, etc.), which gives rise to a lot of problems, consisting in an erroneous diagnosis, lack of adequate treatment and its result, progression of the disease, disability, and a decrease in the quality of life. Late diagnosis of PHPT leads to the development of severe complications (osteoporetic fractures, renal failure) and an increased risk of premature death. A clinical case of late diagnosis of PHPT at the stage of pronounced bone complications of the disease, which proceeded under the guise of osteoarthritis, is considered. According to the results of laboratory and instrumental studies, the following were revealed: hypercalcemia, a significant increase in the concentration of PTH, adenoma of the left lower parathyroid gland, hyperparathyroid osteodystrophy, and a decrease in bone mineral density. Surgical treatment was performed – selective parathyroidectomy with the development of hypocalcemia in the early postoperative period, which was stopped by taking calcium supplements and active vitamin D metabolites and is designed to help practitioners of various specialties to understand the issues of diagnosis of PHPT and effective care for patients

ESTIMATES OF THE MOTHERHOOD PENALTY IN RUSSIA

The paper concerns systematic differences in the wages of women with children and childless women, or «motherhood penalty», in modernRussia. The study bases on the 23rd wave of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS HSE). The authors employ a two-step model, the first stage of which uses a binary logistic regression to measure the selectivity of maternity, while the second reveals the effect of maternity status on the average monthly salary of women, adjusting for the observed selectivity. The obtained estimates indicate an average motherhood penalty of approximately 4% with a significant differentiation by women's education level. The authors conclude that high-educated women face 1,5 times higher penalty, and also receive it earlier: the difference in salaries of childless women and mothers with higher education appears after the first birth, and among women without higher education this phenomena is observed only after the second birth. In conclusion, the authors discuss the limitations of the presented analysis and indicate possible directions for future research on this topic

Long-term dynamics of informal employment and its relationship with the poverty of the Russian population against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic

The study aims at assessing the prevalence of informal employment in the Russian labour market and evaluating its relationship with the risks of monetary poverty. Empirically, the study bases on the data of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS HSE) for 2000-2020. Calculations have shown that over the past 20 years, on average, about a quarter of Russian employees were included in the informal labour market for their main or secondary employment. The results of the study provide some evidence on the existence of several zones of informality in the Russian labour market, in which there are different motives for deformalization, in particular: low-skilled employment in the informal sector, employment only in the format of informal part-time / side jobs (“casual employment”) and partial departure to the informal sector while maintaining an official employment contract at the main place of work. Employment with part or all of the pay for the main job received informally — that is, without a formal contract or with declared wages below the actual wage received, in violation of current regulations — is more common among men, young people and people of early working age, and as well as citizens with education below vocational secondary. At the same time, women, people aged 30–49, and citizens with vocational secondary education predominate in the structure of informally employed, although with a slight preponderance. Regression analysis shows that there is a statistically significant relationship between involvement in the informal labour market and the risks of monetary poverty: fully informal employment in 2019 is associated with higher chances of the respondent’s household falling into poverty, and with lower chances in 2020

Study of phenolic compounds and lipids of grape pomace

The article is devoted to the research of the makeup of phenolic compounds and fatty acids of grape pomace. The phenolic compounds were identified in skin and seed extracts and in extracts of skin-and-seed mixtures; the fatty acids – in grape oil generated by direct pressing. It was established that anthocyanins were present mainly in the skins. Low concentrations of ten components of the anthocyanin complex were identified in the Saperavi seeds. Maximum amounts of anthocyanins were found in the Saperavi skins. The concentration of quercetin distinguished by a PP-vitamin activity was by 1.5 to 2.0 times higher in the skin-andseed mixtures, especially of Roesler grapes, than in the skin itself. Maximum amounts of flavan-3-ols, hydroxy-cinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids and oligomeric procyanidins, as well as the highest antioxidant activity were observed in the skin-and-seed mixture. The highest value of the correlation factor was observed in cases of interaction of antioxidant activity and concentration of procyanidins (r = 0.83), antioxidant activity and concentration of anthocyanins (r = 0.78), and antioxidant activity and concentration of flavan-3-ols (r = 0.75). Among the flavan-3-ols, it was (+)-D-Catechin that prevailed in grape seeds, with its concentration in the Pinot Noir extract (OAO APF Fanagoria) reaching 468 mg/dm3. Maximum concentration of Epigallocatechin-gallate was observed in the Saperavi and Pinot Noir seeds. As regards the concentration of hydroxy-cinnamic acids in the seeds, n-coumaric acid (Ancellotta, Saperavi) stood apart among the others; gallic acid (Saperavi, Ancellotta) came forward among the hydroxy-benzoic acids. In the reviewed samples of grape seeds, procyanidins of groups В1 , В2 and В3 distinguished by high antioxidant activity prevailed. Prevalence of linoleic and oleic acids was established for grape oil extracted from the seeds of such red grape varieties as Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir and Saperavi. Maximum concentrations of oleic acid were found in the Pinot Noir and Riesling seeds. Palmitic and stearic acids were also available in rather high concentrations in the grape oil

Some aspects of studying the state of the oral microflora

The study of the microflora of the oral cavity plays an important role in establishing the pathogenetic mechanisms of purulent-inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues. The human oral microbiome includes more than 700 species of microorganisms that inhabit various habitats, including teeth, gums, tongue, cheeks, hard and soft palate, and tonsils. The term "microbiome" was coined in 2001 by Joshua Lederberg to denote the ecological set of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms in our body that play the role of "determinants of health and disease". Under the influence of various factors in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microflora of the oral cavity there are changes. Her condition is influenced by lifestyle, age, human nutrition, compliance with the rules of oral hygiene, as well as the presence of various diseases, including various disorders and diseases in the oral cavity, and other factors. Because there is a constant flow of microorganisms that enter the oral cavity from the environment, it is necessary to distinguish them from endogenous species, which Theodore Rosebury called local microbes or normal microflora. It is believed that the difference between them cannot be established directly by studies of human isolates alone. It is necessary to compare them with isolates from the external environment to determine which clones are rapidly restored in the host organism, or in the environment. Analysis of the oral microbiome of healthy people using the latest advances in sequencing technology revealed that most species of bacterial microorganisms in healthy people are identical. Based on international research in recent years, a database of phylogenetic data on the human oral microbiome - Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD), which includes about 700 taxa (individual species and subgroups) and 13 types of Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Chlamidia, Chloroflexi, Furyarchaeota Proteobacteria Spirochaetes, SR1, Synergistetes, Tenericutes and TM7. HOMD is the first phylogenetic base of microbiome results, which aims to understand the health and development of human oral diseases (including caries, purulent-inflammatory periodontal diseases and others). In order to determine the relative number of taxa and to identify new species of oral microbiota, 36,043 clones of 16S rRNA genes with more than 1000 isolates were analyzed. The results revealed 1,179 taxa, of which about 280 species of bacteria were isolated culturally and received an official name, about 8% - cultivated but not named, and 68% were non-cultivated. Thus, it was confirmed that more than half of the species of bacteria existing in the oral cavity cannot be cultured on nutrient media. As for the classical bacteriological methods of research, they are obviously used to the greatest extent in routine practice, to study the state of the human microbiome, including the oral cavity. The search for new methods of prevention and treatment of purulent-inflammatory periodontal diseases is inextricably linked with the isolation of pure cultures of pathogens and the study of their biological properties: sensitivity to antibiotics, exposure to various physical factors (ultraviolet, laser radiation, relativistic electrons, etc.) cells.DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.438216

AMOS-E

Abstract A homopolymer of N,N-bis(vinyloxyethyl)thiuramdisulphide was synthesized via cationic polymerization and investigated as a sorbent of the ions of mercury and precious metals. The effect of the nature and concentration of acid, phase contact time on the extraction of metals was revealed; sorption capacities of the polymer and metal partition coefficients were estimated. It was shown that the sorbent exhibits high sorption activity to metal ions in the cationic form: with respect to mercury (Hg 2+ ) from 1 M HNO 3 solution 1100 mg/g, 1M H 2 SO 4 990 mg/g, 1 M HCl 280 mg/g; with respect to silver (Ag + ) from 1 M HNO 3 850 mg/g, from 1 M H 2 SO 4 900 mg/g. A mechanism of the interaction of active groups of the sorbent with metal ions was proposed on the basis of IR spectroscopic data. The homopolymer of N,Nbis(vinyloxyethyl)thiuramdisulphide sorbs mercury and silver ions selectively from a mixture of copper, nickel, iron and zinc salts. The possibility to use the sorbent for concentrating precious metals and for an alytical purposes was demonstrated. A method of sorbent regeneration was developed

Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics in Response to Tillage Practices in the Steppe Zone of Southern Russia

Soil organic carbon (SOC) content is a vital indicator for soil health. The use of moldboard (traditional) plowing for many years had led to a prominent decline in the SOC and soil organic matter (SOM) in Southern Russia. Application of no-tillage (NT) is a sustainable alternative to conventional tillage (CT) as it offers an advantage for SOC store. The aim of the study was to assess soil organic carbon dynamics in response to tillage practices in the steppe zone of Southern Russia. The conservation of SOC under different tillage systems (CT and NT) was evaluated in comparison with the soils of the virgin soils (VS) in three different regions of the steppe zone of the Lower Don region (Southern of the European part of Russia). The SOC content under the conditions of CT was significantly lower than that in the VS and demonstrated an inclining trend when using NT technology. We estimate that the transition to NT over an area of 5.5 million hectares will lead to a significant reduction of carbon emissions into the atmosphere (by ~39 × 109 g C/year), thereby SOC deposition will be (~5.1 × 1012 g C) and high economic advantages will be reaped (with cost savings of up to 27%) in the Rostov region of Russia