Conifer, a model of carbon and water flow through a coniferous forest : documentation

CONIFER simulates water, carbon, and energy dynamics of a coniferous forest. The model consists of 29 nonlinear difference equations. Driving variables include air temperature, dew point temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, and wind speed. Water and energy variables are updated daily; carbon variables are updated weekly. This report contains a detailed description of the model including all equations, parameter values, and initial conditions. Cross-reference tables list the equations in which each variable and parameter appear. Listings of the driving variable data, computer implementation, and corresponding output are also provided. Information sources and model behavior are discussed elsewhere

The insect community of dead and dying Douglas-fir. I, The Hymenoptera

The insects that invade a dying or dead tree are the immediate cause of death and the principle mediators of early stages of decomposition of the tree. These insects form a large and complex community, the species components of which are restricted to particular habitats. A study of the insect community associated with dead Douglas-fir has revealed an intricate assemblage of species; in this publication only the 70+ species of the order Hymenoptera are discussed. Keys are provided for identification of all taxa, and there are discussions of the families, genera, and species represented. The known biology of each species is described, and an attempt is made to suggest the ecological role of each species within the dead tree. Table 1 and the appendix deal with the extent of tree-host specificity of the species of Hymenoptera

Coniferous forest biome : proposal

This proposal requests support for a highly integrated series of investigations within the Analysis of Ecosystem Program of the United States effort under the international Biological Program. The program for the Coniferous Forest Biome has been approved by the U. S. Executive Committee for the IBP as an integrated research program and is integrated with other programs in progress or under development for the Analysis of Ecosystems. The proposal which is concerned with the coniferous forest ecosystem is one of six which will collectively cover the important ecosystems of North America. The coniferous forest, with which this proposal is concerned, occupies about 32 percent of the land area of the western United States, including Alaska. The products from this land area, such as wood, forage, water, fish, and wildlife, are most important to the physical and economic well being of the nation. In addition, large areas are used for recreational activities by increasing numbers of people. The productivity of the land areas varies greatly from place to place as does the potential for and capacity to accommodate large numbers of recreation seekers. Arguments about the management of these lands for single or multiple purposes and for recreational activity have been in the forefront of forestry and ecological literature for many years. We know that some are more vulnerable to ill considered use than others and many areas are being subjected to extreme modification through urban developments. We believe that a complete understanding of the forest ecosystem, to which this proposal is directed, will provide a basis for more intelligent management and use of these lands and thereby have important social consequences. Therefore, the research proposed can claim an urgency as well as scientific and practical value

Annotated bibliography on the ecology of the Lake Washington drainage

This annotated bibliography contains 392 published and unpublished references that pertain to the natural resources in the Lake Washington watershed, with particular emphasis on the aquatic environment. All references are indexed by keywords

Coniferous forest biome : Year 2 Proposal

This proposal by the Coniferous Biome investigators requests support for the second year of a highly integrated series of investigations within the Analysis of Ecosystem program of the United States effort under the International Biological Program. The program for the Coniferous Forest Biome has been approved by the U.S. Executive Committee for the IBP as an integrated research program in cooperation with other programs in progress or under development for the Analysis of Ecosystems. The proposed study is one of six which will collectively form a reference modeling system to cover the important ecosystems of North America. Coniferous forests occupy about one third of the land area of the western United States, including Alaska. The products from this land area, such as wood, water, forage, fish, and wildlife, are most important to the physical and economic well-being of the nation. In addition, large areas are used as recreational sites by increasing numbers of people. The capacity of the land to produce various goods and services varies greatly from area to area. Arguments about the management of these lands have been prominent in the literature of land management sciences (such as forestry and fisheries) and ecology for many years. These highlight problems such as single- vs. multiple-purpose use, the balance between various uses, the land's basic productive capacity, and management procedures best suited to maintaining and increasing it. More recently fundamental questions have been raised about the impact of widespread and previously accepted practices, such as clearcutting, on environmental quality and long-term productive potential of the land. We know that some of the lands are more vulnerable to ill-considered use than others and many areas are being subjected to extreme modification by urban developments. We believe that a better understanding of the forest ecosystem, ;,hick is the goal of this proposal, will provide a basis for more intelligent management and use of these lands and thereby will have important social consequences. In light of the seriousness of the questions raised, the research proposed can therefore claim an urgency as well as scientific and practical values