475 research outputs found
Efficient Match Pair Retrieval for Large-scale UAV Images via Graph Indexed Global Descriptor
SfM (Structure from Motion) has been extensively used for UAV (Unmanned
Aerial Vehicle) image orientation. Its efficiency is directly influenced by
feature matching. Although image retrieval has been extensively used for match
pair selection, high computational costs are consumed due to a large number of
local features and the large size of the used codebook. Thus, this paper
proposes an efficient match pair retrieval method and implements an integrated
workflow for parallel SfM reconstruction. First, an individual codebook is
trained online by considering the redundancy of UAV images and local features,
which avoids the ambiguity of training codebooks from other datasets. Second,
local features of each image are aggregated into a single high-dimension global
descriptor through the VLAD (Vector of Locally Aggregated Descriptors)
aggregation by using the trained codebook, which remarkably reduces the number
of features and the burden of nearest neighbor searching in image indexing.
Third, the global descriptors are indexed via the HNSW (Hierarchical Navigable
Small World) based graph structure for the nearest neighbor searching. Match
pairs are then retrieved by using an adaptive threshold selection strategy and
utilized to create a view graph for divide-and-conquer based parallel SfM
reconstruction. Finally, the performance of the proposed solution has been
verified using three large-scale UAV datasets. The test results demonstrate
that the proposed solution accelerates match pair retrieval with a speedup
ratio ranging from 36 to 108 and improves the efficiency of SfM reconstruction
with competitive accuracy in both relative and absolute orientation
Efficient Gaussian Process Classification-based Physical-Layer Authentication with Configurable Fingerprints for 6G-Enabled IoT
Physical-Layer Authentication (PLA) has been recently believed as an
endogenous-secure and energy-efficient technique to recognize IoT terminals.
However, the major challenge of applying the state-of-the-art PLA schemes
directly to 6G-enabled IoT is the inaccurate channel fingerprint estimation in
low Signal-Noise Ratio (SNR) environments, which will greatly influence the
reliability and robustness of PLA. To tackle this issue, we propose a
configurable-fingerprint-based PLA architecture through Intelligent Reflecting
Surface (IRS) that helps create an alternative wireless transmission path to
provide more accurate fingerprints. According to Baye's theorem, we propose a
Gaussian Process Classification (GPC)-based PLA scheme, which utilizes the
Expectation Propagation (EP) method to obtain the identities of unknown
fingerprints. Considering that obtaining sufficient labeled fingerprint samples
to train the GPC-based authentication model is challenging for future 6G
systems, we further extend the GPC-based PLA to the Efficient-GPC (EGPC)-based
PLA through active learning, which requires fewer labeled fingerprints and is
more feasible. We also propose three fingerprint selecting algorithms to choose
fingerprints, whose identities are queried to the upper-layers authentication
mechanisms. For this reason, the proposed EGPC-based scheme is also a
lightweight cross-layer authentication method to offer a superior security
level. The simulations conducted on synthetic datasets demonstrate that the
IRS-assisted scheme reduces the authentication error rate by 98.69% compared to
the non-IRS-based scheme. Additionally, the proposed fingerprint selection
algorithms reduce the authentication error rate by 65.96% to 86.93% and 45.45%
to 70.00% under perfect and imperfect channel estimation conditions,
respectively, when compared with baseline algorithms.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure
DISC-FinLLM: A Chinese Financial Large Language Model based on Multiple Experts Fine-tuning
We propose Multiple Experts Fine-tuning Framework to build a financial large
language model (LLM), DISC-FinLLM. Our methodology improves general LLMs by
endowing them with multi-turn question answering abilities, domain text
processing capabilities, mathematical computation skills, and
retrieval-enhanced generation capabilities. We build a financial
instruction-tuning dataset named DISC-FIN-SFT, including instruction samples of
four categories (consulting, NLP tasks, computing and retrieval-augmented
generation). Evaluations conducted on multiple benchmarks demonstrate that our
model performs better than baseline models in various financial scenarios.
Further resources can be found at https://github.com/FudanDISC/DISC-FinLLM.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, 7 table
Traffic Sign Interpretation in Real Road Scene
Most existing traffic sign-related works are dedicated to detecting and
recognizing part of traffic signs individually, which fails to analyze the
global semantic logic among signs and may convey inaccurate traffic
instruction. Following the above issues, we propose a traffic sign
interpretation (TSI) task, which aims to interpret global semantic interrelated
traffic signs (e.g.,~driving instruction-related texts, symbols, and guide
panels) into a natural language for providing accurate instruction support to
autonomous or assistant driving. Meanwhile, we design a multi-task learning
architecture for TSI, which is responsible for detecting and recognizing
various traffic signs and interpreting them into a natural language like a
human. Furthermore, the absence of a public TSI available dataset prompts us to
build a traffic sign interpretation dataset, namely TSI-CN. The dataset
consists of real road scene images, which are captured from the highway and the
urban way in China from a driver's perspective. It contains rich location
labels of texts, symbols, and guide panels, and the corresponding natural
language description labels. Experiments on TSI-CN demonstrate that the TSI
task is achievable and the TSI architecture can interpret traffic signs from
scenes successfully even if there is a complex semantic logic among signs. The
TSI-CN dataset and the source code of the TSI architecture will be publicly
available after the revision process
Three Chinese pedigrees of A20 haploinsufficiency: clinical, cytokine and molecular characterization
ObjectiveHaploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20) is a newly described rare autoinflammatory disease caused by TNFAIP3 gene mutations. HA20 has seldom been documented in the Chinese population. Herein, we report eight patients with HA20 from three unrelated families in China.MethodsEight Chinese Han patients were diagnosed with HA20 in our department from 2018 to 2021. Their clinical data and genotypes were carefully documented and studied. The newly identified variants were functionally verified. We also conducted a systematic literature review of HA20, and the clinical characteristics and genotype of HA20 between the Chinese population and other populations were compared.ResultsEight HA20 patients from three families comprised six adults and two children. There was one man and seven women. The clinical characteristics included recurrent oral ulcers (8/8, 100%), fever (4/8, 50%), perianal ulcer (3/8, 38%), skin lesions (2/8, 25%), arthritis (1/8, 13%), and uveitis (1/8, 13%). Three TNFAIP3 variants, A547T, c.1906+2T>G, and R271X, were identified. Two novel variants, A547T and c.1906+2T>G, were validated to be pathogenic in our study. In a literature review a total of 126 patients with HA20 reported by 35 articles were included. The clinical phenotype of Chinese HA20 patients was similar to that of patients from other populations except for a lower frequency of genital ulcers (16.7% vs. 54.4%, p < 0.01). Autoantibodies were detectable in approximately one-third of the 126 patients, among which ANA and anti-thyroid antibodies were commonly seen.ConclusionThe rarity and diversity of phenotypes make the diagnosis of HA20 a huge challenge to physicians. HA20 should be considered in child-onset patients with manifestations that resemble Behçet’s syndrome, especially those whose family members have similar symptoms. Gene testing is critically helpful for the diagnosis of HA20. Two novel TNFAIP3 variants, A547T and c.1906+2T>G, were identified in this study
DISC-LawLLM: Fine-tuning Large Language Models for Intelligent Legal Services
We propose DISC-LawLLM, an intelligent legal system utilizing large language
models (LLMs) to provide a wide range of legal services. We adopt legal
syllogism prompting strategies to construct supervised fine-tuning datasets in
the Chinese Judicial domain and fine-tune LLMs with legal reasoning capability.
We augment LLMs with a retrieval module to enhance models' ability to access
and utilize external legal knowledge. A comprehensive legal benchmark,
DISC-Law-Eval, is presented to evaluate intelligent legal systems from both
objective and subjective dimensions. Quantitative and qualitative results on
DISC-Law-Eval demonstrate the effectiveness of our system in serving various
users across diverse legal scenarios. The detailed resources are available at
https://github.com/FudanDISC/DISC-LawLLM
Non-contrast computed tomography-based radiomics for staging of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease
Rationale and introductionIt is of significance to assess the severity and predict the mortality of patients with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD). In this double-center retrospective study, we developed and validated a radiomics nomogram for clinical management by using the ILD-GAP (gender, age, and pulmonary physiology) index system.Materials and methodsPatients with CTD-ILD were staged using the ILD-GAP index system. A clinical factor model was built by demographics and CT features, and a radiomics signature was developed using radiomics features extracted from CT images. Combined with the radiomics signature and independent clinical factors, a radiomics nomogram was constructed and evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. The models were externally validated in dataset 2 to evaluate the model generalization ability using ROC analysis.ResultsA total of 245 patients from two clinical centers (dataset 1, n = 202; dataset 2, n = 43) were screened. Pack-years of smoking, traction bronchiectasis, and nine radiomics features were used to build the radiomics nomogram, which showed favorable calibration and discrimination in the training cohort {AUC, 0.887 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.827–0.940]}, the internal validation cohort [AUC, 0.885 (95% CI: 0.816–0.922)], and the external validation cohort [AUC, 0.85 (95% CI: 0.720–0.919)]. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the nomogram outperformed the clinical factor model and radiomics signature in terms of clinical usefulness.ConclusionThe CT-based radiomics nomogram showed favorable efficacy in predicting individual ILD-GAP stages
Cognitive and Action Sequence Prediction using Deductive Reasoning
Early in the process of the development of an aircraft cockpit, although the designers always introduce
a set of operational procedures with the expectation that all pilots would follow, it is very
difficult to guarantee that the flight crew will do exactly they are expected to do. The deviation of
the pilots’ operation from the intended procedures may lead to an unsafe situation, and could also
be an indication to the inherent reason for the biases in the pilots’ cognitive process. It became
very obvious that a tool that could help to predict a comprehensive set of possible operations that
the pilots would operate the aircraft will be very useful both in the flight deck design process and
pilot training practices.
This paper presents the development of the researches in the “Cognitive and Action Sequence
Prediction using Deductive Creation Theory (CASEPREDICT)”. Unlike any human-made system
which the response of the system can be predicted to certain degree of accuracy, a human-in-theloop
system is always associated with a great deal of uncertainty issues which comes from the
cognitive process of human operators
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