The diagnostic value of blood metagenomic next-generation sequencing in patients with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis

AimsThis study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of blood metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in detecting pathogens from patients clinically diagnosed as acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO).MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 66 patients with AHO. The test results of mNGS and bacterial culture on different samples, including blood and puncture fluid samples, from patients with AHO were compared to explore the diagnostic value of blood mNGS. Besides, this study also explored the efficacy of blood mNGS in decision making for antibiotic administration and analyzed the factors associated with the positive result of blood mNGS.ResultsThe most common causative pathogens were Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. The sensitivity of blood mNGS (77.3%) was higher than that of blood culture (42.4%) (P<0.001), while the turnaround time of blood mNGS (2.1 ± 0.4 d) is much less than that of blood culture (6.0 ± 2.1 d) (P<0.001). Besides, the sensitivity of blood mNGS tests (77.3%) was slightly lower than that of puncture fluid mNGS (89.4%). Furthermore, detection comparison at pathogen level unravels that blood mNGS might be suitable for diagnosing AHO caused by common pathogens, while puncture fluid mNGS could be considered as preferred examination in diagnosing AHO caused by uncommon pathogens. Finally, three independent factors associated with the true positive result of blood mNGS in patients with AHO were identified, including Gram-positive pathogens (OR=24.4, 95% CI = 1.4-421.0 for Staphylococcus; OR=14.9, 95%CI= 1.6-136.1 for other Gram-positive bacteria), body temperature at sampling time (OR=8.2, 95% CI = 0.6-107.3 for body temperature of >38.5°C; OR=17.2, 95% CI = 2.0-149.1 for patients who were chilling), and no use of antibiotics before sampling (OR=8.9, 95% CI =1.4-59.0).ConclusionThis is the first report on evaluating and emphasizing the importance of blood mNGS in diagnosing AHO. Blood sample might be an alternative sample for puncture fluid for mNGS, and its extensive application in diagnosing AHO could be expected

Socioeconomic Status and Early Reading Achievement: How Working Memory and Cognitive Flexibility Mediate the Relation in Low-Achieving and Typically Developing K to First Grade Students

Studies have demonstrated significant associations between executive function (EF) and reading ability. Many of these studies have evaluated this association through composite EF skills. In this study, we evaluated the indirect effects of working memory (WM) and cognitive flexibility (CF) in the relation between kindergarten socioeconomic status (SES) and first-grade reading achievement. Through a two-period estimation of mediating effects, we also examined these same relationships within low-achieving (LA) and typically developing (TD) readers. For these investigations, nationally representative data from the United States were utilised from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011. Results revealed significant EF and SES differences between TD and LA readers. Additionally, WM mediated around 11% of the association between kindergarten SES and first-grade reading achievement while CF mediated 2.6%. The comparison of results between LA and TD readers yielded differences in mediating effects. For LA readers, 15% of the association was mediated by WM, but for TD only, 7.8% was mediated. CF mediated a small amount in both groups. Both WM and CF mediate the relation between kindergarten SES and first-grade reading achievement. These findings are important because they provide clear evidence that EF ability may partially account for achievement gaps in reading ability from kindergarten to first grade

Biomedical applications of luminogens: General discussion

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New and efficient fluorescent and phosphorescent luminogens: General discussion

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Advanced functional luminogens in the solid-state: General discussion

No abstract availabl