Effects of Marangoni numbers on thermocapillary drop migration: constant for quasi-steady state?

The overall {\it steady}-state energy balance with two phases in a flow domain requires that the change in energy of the domain is equal to the difference between the total energy entering the domain and that leaving the domain. From the condition, the integral thermal flux across the surface is studied for a {\it steady} thermocapillary drop migration in a flow field with uniform temperature gradient at small and large Marangoni (Reynolds) numbers. The drop is assumed to have only a slight axisymmetric deformation from a sphere. It is identified that a conservative/nonconservative integral thermal flux across the surface in the {\it steady} thermocapillary drop migration at small/large Marangoni (Reynolds) numbers. The conservative flux confirms the assumption of {\it quasi-steady} state in the thermocapillary drop migration at small Marangoni (Reynolds) numbers. The nonconservative flux may well result from the invalid assumption of {\it quasi-steady} state, which indicates that the thermocapillary drop migration at large Marangoni (Reynolds) numbers cannot reach {\it steady} state and is thus a {\it unsteady} process.Comment: 21 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1112.276

Value of superb microvascular imaging ultrasonography in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: Compared with color Doppler and power Doppler.

The aim of this study was to compare the value of superb microvascular imaging (SMI) in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) with that of color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) and power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS).Fifty patients with symptomatic CTS and 25 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The cross-sectional area (CSA), CDUS score, PDUS score, and SMI score of the median nerve (MN) at the carpal tunnel were recorded. The value of different ultrasonography (US) diagnostic strategies was calculated.The blood flow display ratio in the MN of the healthy volunteers had no statistical difference between CDUS, PDUS, and SMI (20%, 32%, and 48%, respectively, P \u3e.05). The blood flow display ratio for SMI in patients was significantly higher than that of CDUS and PDUS (90%, 52%, and 60%, respectively,

Seasonal occurrence and species specificity of fishy and musty odor in Huajiang Reservoir in winter, China

AbstractThis paper describes the results of measurements from one year period on the existence of fishy and musty odor in drinking water at low temperatures (1–2°C) in Baotou, China, using an open-loop stripping analysis (OLSA) systems and Gas chromatography spectrometry (GC). The main results show that it is micro-contaminated water body of the raw water in Huajiang Reservoir. The average phytoplankton abundance was 2.06×107L−1, Cyanobacteria counts were at 2.0×106L−1 and the dominate family of the algae are Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, and Bacillariophyta. Experimental results indicated that under the ice whose thickness was 0.55m, the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of the surface varied from 70 to 636Wm−2 from November to March of next year. The average surface PAR was 114.8Wm−2, and the lowest value was 70.57Wm−2 (in December) and the average bottom PAR was 19.04Wm−2, and the lowest value was 3.84Wm−2 (in December). The surface PAR, bottom PAR, eutrophic conditions in ice-covered Huajiang reservoir satisfied the growth and MIB/geosmin production of Cyanobacteria algae in winter. The 2-methyl-isoborneol (MIB) concentration ranged from 29ngL−1 to 102ngL−1. The concentration of trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol (geosmin) ranges from 20ngL−1 to 65ngL−1 and it is 2 to 5 times of the odor threshold concentrations (OTC). The correlations between MIB/geosmin and nitrogen are 0.63–0.37. Eutrophication is the most important factor influencing synthesis of taste and odors, but not temperature. Using bypassing pipe pumping Yellow River water directly to the Water treatment plant (WTP) is an efficient way about T&O compounds׳ control in drinking water of Baotou city in winter

(2 +1)-dimensional Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau oscillator under a magnetic field in the presence of a minimal length in the noncommutative space

Using the momentum space representation, we study the (2 +1)-dimensional Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau oscillator for spin 0 particle under a magnetic field in the presence of a minimal length in the noncommutative space. The explicit form of energy eigenvalues are found, the wave functions and the corresponding probability density are reported in terms of the Jacobi polynomials. Additionally, we also discuss the special cases and depict the corresponding numerical results