CpG island density and its correlations with genomic features in mammalian genomes

A systematic analysis of CpG islands in ten mammalian genomes suggests that an increase in chromosome number elevates GC content and prevents loss of CpG islands

0-π\pi qubit in one Josephson junction

Quantum states are usually fragile which makes quantum computation being not as stable as classical computation. Quantum correction codes can protect quantum states but need a large number of physical qubits to code a single logic qubit. Alternatively, the protection at the hardware level has been recently developed to maintain the coherence of the quantum information by using symmetries. However, it generally has to pay the expense of increasing the complexity of the quantum devices. In this work, we show that the protection at the hardware level can be approached without increasing the complexity of the devices. The interplay between the spin-orbit coupling and the Zeeman splitting in the semiconductor allows us to tune the Josephson coupling in terms of the spin degree of freedom of Cooper pairs, the hallmark of the superconducting spintronics. This leads to the implementation of the parity-protected 0-$\pi$ superconducting qubit with only one highly transparent superconductor-semiconductor Josephson junction, which makes our proposal immune from the various fabrication imperfections.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

2-[4,5-Bis(ethyl­sulfan­yl)-1,3-dithiol-2-yl­idene]-5-(4-methoxy­phen­yl)-5H-1,3-dithiolo[4,5-c]pyrrole

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C19H19NOS6, contains two independent mol­ecules with different conformations of the ethyl groups. The dihedral angles between the pyrrole and benzene rings are 14.19 (14) and 16.29 (17)° in the two molecules. In the absence of short inter­molecular contacts, in the crystal, the mol­ecules are packed with their long axes parallel to [10]

2-[4,5-Bis(butyl­sulfan­yl)-1,3-dithiol-2-yl­idene]-5-methyl-5H-1,3-dithiolo[4,5-c]pyrrole-4-carbaldehyde

In the title compound, C18H23NOS6, the dithiol­opyrrole ring is almost planar [r.m.s. deviation = 0.044 (3) Å] and makes a dihedral angle of 25.11 (7)° with the dithiole ring. In the crystal, pairs of neighboring mol­ecules are connected by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions. These dimers are further linked into a chain along [110] by C—H⋯O inter­actions

Mitigating Object Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models through Visual Contrastive Decoding

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have advanced considerably, intertwining visual recognition and language understanding to generate content that is not only coherent but also contextually attuned. Despite their success, LVLMs still suffer from the issue of object hallucinations, where models generate plausible yet incorrect outputs that include objects that do not exist in the images. To mitigate this issue, we introduce Visual Contrastive Decoding (VCD), a simple and training-free method that contrasts output distributions derived from original and distorted visual inputs. The proposed VCD effectively reduces the over-reliance on statistical bias and unimodal priors, two essential causes of object hallucinations. This adjustment ensures the generated content is closely grounded to visual inputs, resulting in contextually accurate outputs. Our experiments show that VCD, without either additional training or the usage of external tools, significantly mitigates the object hallucination issue across different LVLM families. Beyond mitigating object hallucinations, VCD also excels in general LVLM benchmarks, highlighting its wide-ranging applicability