1,673 research outputs found
The "amplitude" parameter of Gamma-Ray Bursts and its implications for GRB classification
Traditionally gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are classified in the -hardness
ratio two-dimensional plane into long/soft and short/hard GRBs. In this paper,
we suggest to add the "amplitude" of GRB prompt emission as the third dimension
as a complementary criterion to classify GRBs, especially those of short
durations. We define three new parameters , and as ratios between the measured/simulated peak flux of a GRB/pseudo-GRB
and the flux background, and discuss the applications of these parameters to
GRB classification. We systematically derive these parameters to find that most
short GRBs are likely not "tip-of-iceberg" of long GRBs. However, one needs to
be cautious if a short GRB has a relatively small (e.g. ), since the
chance for an intrinsically long GRB to appear as a "disguised" short GRB is
higher. Based on avaialble data, we quantify the probability of a disguised
short GRB below a certain value is as . By progressively "moving" a long GRB to higher redshifts
through simulations, we also find that most long GRBs would show up as
rest-frame short GRBs above a certain redshift.Comment: 11 pages, 14 figures. Accepted by MNRA
(1R,3S)-3-HydroxyÂmethÂyl-N-isopropyl-2,2-dimethylÂcycloÂpropaneÂcarboxamide
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C10H19NO2, prepared from (−)-1R-cis-caronaldehyde, contains two independent molÂecules. In the crystal structure, interÂmolecular O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds form an extensive three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network
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