Perspective of self-help groups, Panchayati Raj institution and adolescents on implementing COVID appropriate behavior in the community in rural settings

The vaccination drive in India brought cheers to the country's people, only to be eroded by the unpredictable twitch of the COVID-19 second wave. The best way to tackle the pandemic has been to adopt appropriate practices, thereby breaking the chain of transmission. The second wave in India has already created havoc both on the people and health system, questioning and challenging our capabilities to handle any heave of sudden cases, particularly in rural areas. Time has arrived to inflate our horizon by including groups of society close to the people, particularly in the rural community. Like the previous wave, COVID appropriate behavior was very much instrumental in slowing the pace. Adolescents’ self-help groups in coalition with Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRI) will be the main stand in the fight against the dreadful virus. Their main role is to translate the prevailing preventive measures into action among the very people they live around. Passing the right message through IEC/BCC to the right people will bring about dramatic changes in the attitude, belief, and exercise they do in their day-to-day life. PRIs members would utilize their powers to execute optimum administrative services. A decentralized approach involving these stakeholders will spearhead the fight against the pandemic. This trifold power shall bear the torchbearer in preventing the disastrous consequences of any upcoming wave, if any, in a holistic manner

Executive health checkup package at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar: A novel approach

Early detectionof a disease leads to relatively simple courses of treatment and prevents life-threatening complications. Many health conditions can be corrected or maybe improved through treatment modalities if they are discovered by health screening facilities. Health screening program such as executive health checkup is convenient, affordable, inexpensive, and vastly beneficial for the patients. Hence, health screening saves lives immensely by early detection of diseases and preventing serious complications. It is an effective component of healthcare. It achieves more positive effects than medical treatment and at a lower cost. Health promotion is aimed at influencing people's social circumstances and lifestyles so that their health is improved (or maintained) and disease is prevented

Theory and practice of learning through the family adaptation and field visits in medical school: A reflective perspective

The major purpose of posting MBBS students in community medicine is to understand the ground realities of different existing problems leading to the disease. The students chalk out possible solutions using the available resources and transform the solution to an intervention explicitly designed for the family or individual. Family Health Advisory Services provides a platform to learn the above intent, make family visits in the community, reach a community diagnosis associated with various prevailing and contributing factors, and finally formulate a structured and specific elucidation to root out the disease or health condition. The village visit during the posting in the department of community medicine is crucial for making the preventive and promotive steps before the arrival of ill-health conditions. It also thrills the motive of different schemes and programs by state and central government in their approach and consequence if appropriately and adequately implemented in the anticipated circumstance and situation. The current article explores how a student utilizes community posting to go deep into a family's running and prevailing problems, identify the responsible and probable causes, and find a feasible and possible solution concerning the family's affordability, accessibility, and acceptability

Public Health Updates: New Dimension in Teaching Learning Practice among Postgraduate Students in Community Medicine

Medical science and public health professions have broaden their vision with obligatory custom to keep track of the day to day advances and events. Things that propel us all the time are the emerging and re-emerging diseases, sudden outbreaks, changing environment, revision and releasing various programmes, schemes, guidelines etc. Simultaneously with the ongoing changes, public health professionals must adapt their approach towards such updates in their teaching and training of postgraduate teaching in community medicine

Computational screening of Six Antigens for potential MHC class II restricted epitopes and evaluating its CD4+ T-Cell Responsiveness against Visceral Leishmaniasis

Visceral leishmaniasis is one of the most neglected tropical diseases for which no vaccine exists. In spite of extensive efforts, no successful vaccine is available against this dreadful infectious disease. To support the vaccine development, immunoinformatics approach was applied to search for potential MHC-classII restricted epitopes that can activate the immune cells. Initially, a total of 37 epitopes derived from six, stage dependent over expressed antigens were predicted, which were presented by at least 26 diverse MHC class II alleles including: DRB10101, DRB10301, DRB10401, DRB10404, DRB10405, DRB10701, DRB10802, DRB10901, DRB11101, DRB11302, DRB11501, DRB30101, DRB40101, DRB50101, DPA10103-DPB10401, DPA10103-DPB10201, DPA10201-DPB10101, DPA10103-DPB10301_DPB10401, DPA10301-DPB10402, DPA10201-DPB105021, DQA10102-DQB10602, DQA10401-DQB10402, DQA10501-QB10201, DQA10501-DQB10301, DQA10301-DQB10302 and DQA10101-DQB10501. Based on the population coverage analysis and HLA cross presentation ability, six epitopes namely, FDLFLFSNGAVVWWG (P1), YPVYPFLASNAALLN (P2), VYPFLASNAALLNLI (P3), LALLIMLYALIATQF (P4), LIMLYALIATQFSDD (P5), IMLYALIATQFSDDA (P6) were selected for further analysis. Stimulation with synthetic peptide alone or as a cocktail triggered the intracellular IFN-γ production. Moreover, specific IgG class of antibodies was detected in the serum of active VL cases against P1, P4, P and P6 in order to evaluate peptide effect on humoral immune response. Additionally, most of the peptides, except P2, were found to be non-inducer of CD4+ IL-10 against both active VL as well as treated VL subjects. Peptide immunogenicity was validated in BALB/c mice immunized with cocktail of synthetic peptide emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant/incomplete Freund’s adjuvant. The immunized splenocytes induced strong spleen cell proliferation upon parasite re-stimulation. Furthermore, an increased IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-17 and IL-22 production augmented with elevated NO synthesis is thought to be play a crucial role in macrophage activation. Moreover, a significantly reduced parasite load in immunized group indicates the potentiality of polytope driven vaccine candidate against Visceral leishmaniasis

Interplay between gut microbiota and the role of microRNA mechanisms, pathways in cardiovascular diseases

The microbiota, which includes microorganisms in the human body's skin, mucosal surfaces, and tissues, is a crucial determinant of health. Diet, family history, and the environment can all impact its components. Pathophysiological changes can occur when these components are altered, leading to various health related issues, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The microbiome, or metagenome of the microbiota, is an intricate ecosystem. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), non-coding RNAs, interact with gut microbes to control host gene expression. These specialized RNAs, which are short chain around 22 nucleotides long, can affect gene expression by modulating mRNA degradation and protein levels. These are play numbers of significant role in cardiovascular diseases and are protected from destruction by extracellular vesicles. In future days permanent care may include controlling the gut microbiota composition and targeted therapy against specific miRNA expressions as this topic gains more attention in scientific studies. Potentially, this might pave the better way for more effective therapies for cardiovascular diseases