Effects of Varying Wind Angles and Increasing Concentration on Air Pollutant Dispersion from Cooling Towers to Urban Area using Computational Fluid Dynamics Software

Managing and improving the air quality across urban areas can be achieved by studying the transport behaviour of air pollutants. In this work, the effects of varying wind angles and increasing concentration on air pollutant dispersion from cooling towers to urban area were investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software; OpenFOAM and the modified k-ω SST turbulence closure to acquire the steady-state flow field based on Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equation (RANS) approach. The results showed that varying the wind direction for the wind velocity profile from (1 0 0) to (Cos30 0 Sin30) and (Cos45 0 Sin45) affected the pollution dispersion across the urban area with the worst scenario being (1 0 0). In addition, reducing the diffusivity constant (Dt), thus increasing the pollution concentration, from 0.02 to 0.001 increased the pollution transport across the urban area considerably. This research shows the benefit of applying CFD approach toward managing the challenges of air pollution dispersion

Biochemical effects of <i style="">Nigella sativa</i> L seeds in diabetic rats

745-748Oral administration of ethanol extract of N. sativa seeds (300 mg/kg body weight/day) to streptozotocin induced diabetic rats for 30 days significantly reduced the elevated levels of blood glucose, lipids, plasma insulin and improved altered levels of lipid peroxidation products (TBARS and hydroperoxides) and antioxidant enzymes like catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase in liver and kidney. The results confirm the antidiabetic activity of N. sativa seeds extract and suggest that because of its antioxidant effects its administration may be useful in controlling the diabetic complications in experimental diabetic rats

A review of the Tandanicolinae (=Monodhelminthinae) (Digenea, Fellodistomidae), with a description of Prosogonarium angelae N-Sp

The Tandanicolinae is reviewed, redefined and considered a subfamily of the Fellodistomidae. The Monodhelminthinae Dollfus, 1937, Mehratrematinae Srivastava, 1939, Prosogonariinae Mehra, 1963 and Buckleytrematinae Yamaguti, 1971 are synonyms of the Tandanicolinae. Genera included in the Tandanicolinae are Tandanicola, Monodhelmis, Buckleytrema and Prosogonarium. Burnellus and Mehratrema are made new synonyms of Monodhelmis. The composition of each genus is reviewed. Monodhelmis arii Yamaguti, 1952, Mehratrema arii Gu & Shen, 1979, Mehratrema dollfusi Srivastava, 1939, Monodhelmis philippinensis Velasquez, 1961, Mehratrema polynemusinis Chauhan, 1943 and Mehratrema skrjabini Karyakarte, 1969 are considered synonyms of Monodhelmis torpedinis. Monodhelmis elongatus Bilqees, 1970 is considered a species inquirenda. Prosogonarium angelae n. sp. is described from Euristhmus lepturus from Moreton Bay, Queensland. It is distinguished by the number and distribution of the vitelline follicles and the extent of the caeca. New records are given for Monodhelmis torpedinis from Arius graeffei and E. lepturus, M. trichofurcata from Tandanus tandanus, and Buckleytrema indica from A. graeffei, all from southern Queensland. Buckleytrema indica is redescribed and B. postacetabulorchis is synonymised with that species. Relationships within the Tandanicolinae were considered by cladistic analysis