Gubici uslijed povijesnih potresa na području Balkana: Pregled javno dostupnih podataka

This study analyzes catastrophic losses due to earthquakes in the Balkan region. Analysis is based on the following data on earthquakes, collected from the OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database (Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium) for 1900 to 2010: numbers of fatalities, size of the affected population and costs of material damages. Catastrophic losses were caused by 62 earthquakes in countries within the region: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Macedonia and Greece. The analysis shows that a significant number of people in the Balkan region were killed (4974) or were affected (2033723) by the earthquakes and that many countries suffered significant material damages (10410.16 million USD) during the analyzed period. The main disadvantage of using publicly available sources is the lack of consistent data on earthquake damages. A brief review of the most catastrophic earthquakes recorded in databases through the last 110 years is given, based on the data from publicly available databases.U radu se analiziraju gubitci uslijed katastrofalnih potresa u Balkanskoj regiji na temelju podataka o broju stradalih i materijalnoj šteti, a koji su prikupljeni iz OFDA/CRED Međunarodne baze podataka o katastrofama (Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium) za razdoblje od 1900. do 2010. Katastrofalne gubitke prouzročilo je 62 potresa u sljedećim državama u regiji: Sloveniji, Hrvatskoj, Bosni i Hercegovini, Crnoj Gori, Albaniji, Srbiji, Rumunjskoj, Bugarskoj, Makedoniji i Grčkoj. Analiza je pokazala da je u cijeloj regiji tijekom razmatranog razdoblja smrtno stradalo 4974 ljudi, 2033723 ljudi je zahvaćeno posljedicama potresa, dok je ukupna materijalna šteta iznosila 10410,16 milijuna USD. Kao glavni nedostatak javno dostupnih izvora podataka o potresima ističe se nekonzistentnost podataka o štetama nastalim uslijed potresa. U radu se također daje sažeti prikaz zapisa o najkatastrofalnijim potresima koji su se dogodili u posljednjih 110 godina, a na osnovi podataka iz drugih javno dostupnih baza podataka

Assessment of Liquefaction Potential Relevant to Choice of Type and Depth of Foundations in Seismically Active Areas

There is evidence of great increase of pore pressures in saturated sand soils during cyclic loading caused by earthquakes. These increased pore pressures can often increase to effective stresses in soil. Dependant on sand density, this can lead to a total loss of shear strength, liquefaction or greater deformability of soil. Emergence of liquefaction or great deformations within soil can cause significant damage or total destruction of constructions on the ground, even when they have been correctly designed. For this reason, it is very important to perform detailed geotechnical and seismic investigations of ground conditions and evaluate liquefaction potential for saturated sand soil in seismically active terrain. It is not possible to design stable constructions in certain types of terrain without the analyses of liquefaction potential. This paper refers to the comparative cost-analyses of two possible ways of the foundations of the business complex: shallow foundations with stabilization of potentially liquefiable sand deposit using vertical gravel drains versus deep pile foundation on unliquefiable soil

Model for GIS landslide database establishment and operation in Republic of Macedonia

Landslides are one of the most damaging and most significant geo-hazards in the Republic ofMacedonia. Due to many reasons landslide data collection in the past have been generally unsystematic. Knowingthat new occurrences are to be expected in future, brief overview on landslide databases in Europe is given and modelfor establishing and operation of national GIS landslide database is proposed in the paper. Model for assignment ofgovernmental body on landslides, along with structure and way of operation of the envisaged database is presented.Formation of this landslide database is the basic step towards better understanding of the landslide hazard in future.This database will enable conditions for selection of most endangered regions and selection of appropriate models forlandslide hazard and risk zonation. As a result, land use planning will become more efficient, and vulnerability ofpeople and goods will be decreased. In this context, some results from recent landslide susceptibility assessment studiesare also presented

Analiza metoda georeferenciranja podataka terestričkog laserskog skeniranja

From the point of engineering geodesy this paper discuses registration and georeferencing methods of the terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data. The different functional and stochastic spatial transformation models of the registration and georeferencing are presented and different sources of the errors are analyzed. Advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches are analyzed and recommendations for improving the precision of georeferencing are given.U radu se razmatraju modeli registracije i georeferenciranja oblaka tačaka prikupljenog tehnologijom terestričkog laserskog skeniranja (TLS), imajući u vidu njegovu primenu u inženjersko-tehničkim oblastima. Predstavljeni su različiti pristupi georeferenciranju preko funkcionalnih i stohastičkih modela prostorne transformacije i analizirani su uticaji različitih izvora grešaka. Razmatrane su prednosti i nedostaci različitih pristupa i date su preporuke za poboljšanje preciznosti georeferenciranja oblaka tačaka tehnologijom TLS. PR Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR36009: Primena GNSS i LIDAR tehnologije u monitoringu stabilnosti infrastrukturnih objekata i terena"

Development of 3D Object Model by Applying Google Sketchup Software Package

Under the notion of visualization we mean any technique of creating images, diagrams, 3D models or other animations as a form of visual communication. Tree-dimensional view of buildings on Google Earth allows us insight into the real world. Belgrade has recently started to publish 3D content on Google Earth, but Faculty of Mining and Geology is not among the published items, and from there arose the idea for the theme of this paper. The aim is to create 3D model of building of the Faculty and its publishing on Google Earth. During the production of this paper it has been used an open source software for 3D modeling, Google Sketchup.http://mongeometrija.com/media/mongeometrija/2012/MoNGeometrija_2012_Zbornik.pd

Lesion Focused Super-Resolution

Super-resolution (SR) for image enhancement has great importance in medical image applications. Broadly speaking, there are two types of SR, one requires multiple low resolution (LR) images from different views of the same object to be reconstructed to the high resolution (HR) output, and the other one relies on the learning from a large amount of training datasets, i.e., LR-HR pairs. In real clinical environment, acquiring images from multi-views is expensive and sometimes infeasible. In this paper, we present a novel Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) based learning framework to achieve SR from its LR version. By performing simulation based studies on the Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge (BraTS) datasets, we demonstrate the efficacy of our method in application of brain tumor MRI enhancement. Compared to bilinear interpolation and other state-of-the-art SR methods, our model is lesion focused, which is not only resulted in better perceptual image quality without blurring, but also more efficient and directly benefit for the following clinical tasks, e.g., lesion detection and abnormality enhancement. Therefore, we can envisage the application of our SR method to boost image spatial resolution while maintaining crucial diagnostic information for further clinical tasks.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, Accepted as Oral Presentation by the SPIE Medical Imaging Conference 201

Using ArcGIS for Landslide Umka 3D Visualisation

The recent developments in earth sciences software are mostly related to the extension allowing graphical representations of volumes and geological bodies. In this paper, we present a tool for 3D visualization of landslide body using only ArcGIS© software and its 3rd party extensions. The model was built using existing geological surveys, DEMs, borehole logs and site investigation data. The case study chosen to illustrate the method is the Umka landslide (Belgrade, Serbia), an area with relatively simple geology, but with deep seated landslide and with block-translational sliding mechanism

Upscaling and downscaling landslide susceptibility maps

Although without official standardization, landslide susceptibility models (LSM) have entered preliminary stages of design and planning practice worldwide. As design and planning itself undergoes from lower to higher level of detail, different scales of LSM apply. Nevertheless, the LSMs are mainly produced in regional scales, whereas national and local are rarely available. Limitations of downscaling and upscaling LSMs are considered herein, by comparing LSMs coming from continental scale on one hand, and regional scale on the other, while the validation was performed using national scale model (Figure 1) at 30 m pixel resolution. Pan- European model (Wilde et al. 2018) is downscaled from 200 to 30 m pixel resolution using re-gridding method based on various interpolation techniques (linear, spline, Kriging) over the area of the City of Doboj in Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina). The LSM for the City of Doboj (Sandić et al. 2023) was upscaled from 5 to 30 m resolution using various resampling techniques (nearest neighbor, bilinear interpolation and cubic convolution). All maps were made using heuristic or combined heuristic approaches with standard landslide conditioning factors as raster inputs (geological, geomorphological, environmental, etc.). The best performing downscaling option was spline interpolation, while cubic convolution gave the best match against the referent LSM for the upscaling. Other downscaling variants tend to pixelate the map at 30 m resolution, whereas upscaling was not that considerably affected by technique choice. For large scale urban planning and preliminary design it is important to avoid pixilation as much as possible and smoothen the susceptibility classes so they can be compared against various elements, such as road and railway network features (higher-order curves, bridges, tunnels) and urban fabric footprints (housing, industrial, infrastructure). Results indicate that downscaling can be misleading and should be avoided if there is time and resource to perform appropriate local or regional scale LSM