Water-Mediated Synthesis of Benzazole and Thiourea Motifs by Reacting Naturally Occurring Isothiocyanate with Amines

<div><p></p><p>An efficient, green, and facile method has been developed for the synthesis of benzazole and thiourea analogues from naturally occurring erucin in moderate to good yields. The reaction was carried out in water without using any metal catalyst or base. The present method tolerated the various functional groups on aromatic rings and also applicable for other isothiocyanates.</p></div

Locational comparison of essential oils from selected conifers of Himachal Pradesh

<p>Nine samples of essential oil from needles of three conifers of Pinacea family namely <i>Abies pindrow</i>, <i>Picea smithiana</i> and <i>Cedrus deodara</i> collected from three different locations of Himachal Pradesh (India) were evaluated using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 31, 17 and 13 compounds were identified from essential oil of <i>A</i>. <i>pindrow</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>smithiana</i> and <i>C</i>. <i>deodara</i>, respectively. Among the characterised components, monoterpenoid hydrocarbons were predominated. <i>α</i>-Pinene, <i>β</i>-pinene, <i>β</i>-merycene, limonene and camphene were characterised as major components. Oil of <i>C</i>. <i>deodara</i> has significant effect of location on its oil composition. Principle component analysis on gas chromatographic data reveals variation in chemical composition which may be attributed to altitude and environmental conditions.</p

Chemical composition and insecticidal activities of essential oils against diamondback moth, <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae)

<p>Five Himalayan plants namely, <i>Acorus calamus</i>, <i>Cedrus deodara</i>, <i>Aegle marmelos</i>, <i>Tagetes minuta</i> and <i>Murraya koenigii</i> were used for the extraction of essential oils through hydrodistillation and the major volatile constituents as identified by GC and GC–MS techniques were β-asarone (91.1%), β-himachalene (45.8%), limonene (59.5%), <i>Z</i>-ocimene (37.9%) and α-pinene (54.2%), respectively. Essential oils were tested for their insecticidal properties against larvae of diamondback moth, <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Results showed that <i>A. calamus</i> was most toxic (LC₅₀= 0.29 mg mL⁻¹) to <i>P. xylostella</i> followed by <i>C. deodara</i> (LC₅₀= 1.08 mg mL⁻¹) and <i>M. koenigii</i> (LC₅₀= 1.93 mg mL⁻¹) via residual toxicity bioassay. Per cent feeding deterrence index and growth inhibition was significantly higher in <i>A. calamus</i> (42.20 and 68.55, respectively) followed by <i>C. deodara</i> (35.41 and 52.47). In repellent activity studies, <i>C. deodara</i> showed high repellence (64.76%) followed by <i>A. calamus</i> (55.05%).</p

Movement activities of children in their presschool age

v angličtině The name of dissertation: Movement activities of chlidren in their presschool age Written by: Šárka Kochanová The head of dissertation: PaedDr Jana Kolčiterová The objectives of dissertation: 1. Analysing some conditions for carrying out preschool children's activities at selected nursery schools and integrating individual preathletic exercises in chlidren's exercise. 2. Finding out parent's interests in children's sport activities. 3. Differertiation varios levels of children's sport activities at same age. Methodology: Study in depth of expert literaturee Informing about background at selected nursery schools Monitoring children's sport activities including preathletic exercises and testing its opinion Applycating simply athletic games to get necessary information to find out the differences in motor level of children at same age. Monitoring differences in sport activities of children living in town and in the country By way of unstandard questionnaire getting new information about children's and parent's attitudes to own assessment of their sport activities Results of dissertation 1. Conditions for sport activities at nursery schools locating in towns and in the country differ from one another. Nursery schools in the country don't measure up to the equipment of nursery schools in..

Cytotoxic agents for KB and SiHa cells from <i>n</i>-hexane fraction of <i>Cissampelos pareira</i> and its chemical composition

<div><p>Eleven constituents were characterised by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, and five molecules were isolated using column chromatography. The <i>in vitro</i> study of the extract and isolated molecules against KB and SiHa cell lines revealed oleanolic acid (<b>1</b>) and oleic acid (<b>2</b>) as potent cytotoxic molecules with potential anticancer activity. The IC₅₀ values of <i>n</i>-hexane extract (CPHF), oleanolic acid (<b>1</b>) and oleic acid (<b>2</b>) were >300, 56.08 and 70.7 μg/mL (μM), respectively, against KB cell lines and >300, 47.24 and 80.2 μg/mL (μM), respectively, against SiHa cell lines.</p></div

Bioactive isoquinoline alkaloids from <i>Cissampelos pareira</i>^†

<p>The phytochemical and biological investigation of <i>Cissampelos pareira</i> leads to the isolation of one new isoquinoline alkaloid (<b>7</b>) along with six known isoquinoline alkaloids, namely, magnoflorine (<b>1</b>), magnocurarine (<b>2</b>), cissamine (<b>3</b>), curine (<b>4</b>), hayatinine (<b>5</b>) and cycleanine (<b>6</b>). Magnoflorine (<b>1</b>) and magnocurarine (<b>2</b>) were isolated for the first time from <i>C. pareira.</i> A new, rapid, simple and sensitive UPLC method was developed for simultaneous quantification of five pure compounds (<b>1</b>–<b>5</b>). Seasonal variation study revealed higher content of these compounds during the rainy season. The chloroform (CPCF) and <i>n</i>-butanol (CPBF) fractions showed cytotoxic efficacy against KB cells. Among pure compounds, hayatinine (<b>5</b>) was found to be most active against KB and A549, while, cycleanine (<b>6</b>) against KB cells.</p

Hepatic Dysfunction Induced by 7, 12-Dimethylbenz(α)anthracene and Its Obviation with Erucin Using Enzymatic and Histological Changes as Indicators

<div><p>The toxicity induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA) has been widely delineated by a number of researchers. This potent chemical damages many internal organs including liver, by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species, DNA-adduct formation and affecting the activities of phase I, II, antioxidant and serum enzymes. Glucosinolate hydrolytic products like isothiocyanates (ITCs) are well known for inhibiting the DNA-adduct formation and modulating phase I, II enzymes. Sulforaphane is ITC, currently under phase trials, is readily metabolized and inter-converted into erucin upon ingestion. We isolated erucin from <i>Eruca sativa</i> (Mill.) Thell. evaluated its hepatoprotective role in DMBA induced toxicity in male wistar rats. The rats were subjected to hepatic damage by five day regular intraperitoneal doses of DMBA. At the end of the protocol, the rats were euthanized, their blood was collected and livers were processed. The liver homogenate was analyzed for phase I (NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, cytochrome P450, cytochrome P420 and cytochrome b5), phase II (DT diaphorase, glutathione-S-transferase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidise, ascorbate peroxidise, glutathione reductase and lactate dehydrogenase). The level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides, conjugated dienes and reduced glutathione in the liver homogenate was also analyzed. The serum was also analyzed for markers indicating hepatic damage (alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, direct bilirubin and total bilirubin). Erucin provided significant protection against DMBA induced damage by modulating the phase I, II and antioxidant enzymes. The histological evaluation of liver tissue was also conducted, which showed the hepatoprotective role of erucin.</p></div

Comparative changes noted on histology- Normal Vs Abnormal at H&E 400 X.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Normal portal triad comprising of hepatic duct, artery and portal vein without any inflammatory infiltrate.; (<b>B</b>) Portal tracts showing mild to moderate periportal inflammation by mononuclear inflammatory cells; (<b>C</b>) Normal central vein which is surrounded by unremarkable looking hepatocytes maintaining their normal trabecular architecture and orientation; (<b>D</b>) Central vein is dilated and congested and shows loss of normal trabecular architecture along with focal necrosis.</p

Effect of erucin on DMBA induced alterations in serum enzymes (A) Alkaline phosphatase, (B) Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, (C) Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, (D) Direct bilirubin, (E) Total bilirubin.

<p>Treatment groups with same alphabet show no significant difference, while the groups with different alphabets show significant difference at p≤0.05. Error bars indicate SEM (n = 6).</p