Application of numerical water force to a small sport boat running on a lake

In this paper the motion of a small sport boat running on a lake is simulated using alaska tools. External forces and torques from water during movement have been taken into account. Using results from measurements the simulation has been validated

Dynamics of a fin driven boat - modeling and simulation

In this paper the motion of a small sport boat running on a lake is simulated using alaska tools when the external forces and torques from water and excitation force from a person are applied. Using the results from measurements we have done some validations

The Incidence of Molluscum contagiosum among American Indians and Alaska Natives

The epidemiology of Molluscum contagiosum (MC) in the United States is largely unknown, despite the fact that the virus is directly communicable and large outbreaks occur. This study provides population-based estimates to describe the epidemiology of MC in the United States among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons. This population was selected because of the comprehensiveness and quality of available data describing utilization of out-patient services.Outpatient visits listing MC as a diagnosis in the Indian Health Service National Patient Information Reporting System during 2001-2005 were analyzed to assess patient characteristics, visit frequency and concurrent skin conditions. Outpatient visit rates and incidence rates were calculated based on known population denominators (retrospective cohort). Overall outpatient visit rates were also calculated for the general US population using national data. The average annual rate of MC-associated outpatient visits was 20.15/10,000 AI/AN persons for 2001-2005 (13,711 total visits), which was similar to the rate for the general US population (22.0/10,000 [95% CI: 16.9-27.1]). The incidence of MC-associated visits was 15.34/10,000. AI/AN children 1-4 years old had the highest incidence (77.12), more than twice that for children 5-14 years old (30.79); the incidence for infants (<1 year) was higher than that for adults. AI/AN persons living in the West region had the highest incidence, followed by those in the East and Alaska regions (26.96, 22.88 and 21.38, respectively). There were age-specific associations between MC and concurrent skin conditions (e.g., atopic dermatitis, eczema).This study highlights the need for periodic population-based measurements to assess trends in incidence and healthcare utilization for MC in the United States. High rates of MC were found among AI/AN persons, especially among children <15 years old. The AI/AN population would benefit from greater availability of effective strategies for prevention and treatment of MCV infection

Application of In Vivo Induced Antigen Technology (IVIAT) to Bacillus anthracis

In vivo induced antigen technology (IVIAT) is an immuno-screening technique that identifies bacterial antigens expressed during infection and not during standard in vitro culturing conditions. We applied IVIAT to Bacillus anthracis and identified PagA, seven members of a N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase autolysin family, three P60 family lipoproteins, two transporters, spore cortex lytic protein SleB, a penicillin binding protein, a putative prophage holin, respiratory nitrate reductase NarG, and three proteins of unknown function. Using quantitative real-time PCR comparing RNA isolated from in vitro cultured B. anthracis to RNA isolated from BALB/c mice infected with virulent Ames strain B. anthracis, we confirmed induced expression in vivo for a subset of B. anthracis genes identified by IVIAT, including L-alanine amidases BA3767, BA4073, and amiA (pXO2-42); the bacteriophage holin gene BA4074; and pagA (pXO1-110). The exogenous addition of two purified putative autolysins identified by IVIAT, N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidases BA0485 and BA2446, to vegetative B. anthracis cell suspensions induced a species-specific change in bacterial morphology and reduction in viable bacterial cells. Many of the proteins identified in our screen are predicted to affect peptidoglycan re-modeling, and our results support significant cell wall structural remodeling activity during B. anthracis infection. Identification of L-alanine amidases with B. anthracis specificity may suggest new potential therapeutic targets

Evidence for the Al Zn O i defect complex model for magnetron sputtered aluminum doped zinc oxide A combined X ray absorption near edge spectroscopy, X ray diffraction and electronic transport study

Al-doped ZnO and Zn1 - xMgxO films, deposited by magnetron sputtering at substrate temperatures from about 25 °C to 500 °C and exhibiting a strong variation of the carrier concentration, were investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), analyzing the X-ray absorption near-edge structures. The near-order structure, derived from the X-ray absorption spectra, shows that the dopant Al was built-in onto Zn lattice sites, independently of the deposition temperature up to 450 °C. FEFF calculations confirm the lattice location of the dopant on zinc lattice sites. The formation of secondary (spinel) phases occurs only at deposition temperatures above 450 °C, more pronounced for the Zn1 - xMgxO:Al films. In contrast to the XAS measurements, the electrical parameters of the films - carrier concentration and Hall mobility - exhibit a strong dependence on the substrate temperature, with a variation of the electron concentration by a factor of 4.5 from 25 °C to about 300 °C. This shows that the XAS method is significantly less sensitive compared to electrical measurements for the characterization of electrically active dopant elements. This fact is tentatively explained by the formation of oxygen interstitial defects Oi during deposition, annealing out at low temperatures, and by the formation of defect complexes of dopant atoms with intrinsic lattice defects, like Al-Oi or Al-Mg-Oi, which induce the observed electrical effects but are not detectable by XAS methods