Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Quercetin like Structure from Dalbergia sissoo (Fabaceae)

The present study was conducted to isolate and classify Dalbergia sissoo (L.) bioactive compounds. The genus consists of 300 species in India, including 25 species. The generic name Dalbergia honors the 18th century Swedish brothers Nils and Carl Dalberg. Various phytoconstituents of alkaloids, glycosides, flavanoids, tannins, saponins, sterols and terpenoids were isolated and classified from different parts of the plant. Thin Layer Chromatography, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, and Column Chromatography were used to isolate spots from the fraction of the crude extract to elucidate the chemical structure of Dalbergia sissoo (L.) leaf extract. Potential spots have been exposed to techniques of FTIR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. Column chromatography was exposed to the raw extract, obtaining 125 fractions, conducting TLC. Among them was a single band in TLC, characterized by FTIR, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy, and the structure was known as Quercetin. The results of this study indicate the effective potential compound of the ethanolic fraction of Dalbergia sissoo (L.). Keywords: Dalbergia sissoo; Isolation & Structure Elucidation; FTIR; NMR spectroscopy; Mass spectroscopy

Evaluation of Drug Release from Carboxymethyl Starch-Xanthan Gum-HPMC Matrix

The use of hydrophilic polymers from natural origin. Especially the polysaccharides have been the focus of current research activity in the design of matrix device due to their non toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable nature and broad regulatory acceptance. A large number of polysaccharides such as Carboxymethyl starch, Xanthan gum, Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), Sodium Alginate etc, have been used as hydrophilic matrices to investigate release behavior of drug. In order to enrich the resources, there is a quest for new polysaccharide owing to their diverse chemical composition and functional groups are amenable to chemical modification and thus tailor made polymeric matrices are obtained which which can be used to modulate oral drug release. The objective of the study is to characterize Verapamil hydrochloride loaded matrix dosage form using hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), xanthan gum, corn starch as rate retarding polymer. Dosage forms were prepared using different polymers along with drug Verapamil hydrochloride. Carboxymethylation was performed. Drug release was evaluated in simulated gastric media. Addition of xanthan gum significantly retarded the burse release of drug. The retardation of drug release was found to be dependent upon the concentration. The formulation composed of HPMC K4M and CS (ARI-ARI3) followed super case transport is swelling controlled, purely relaxation controlled drug delivery. Keywords: Verapamil HCl, Natural gums, xanthan gum, HPMC, sustained releas

The Chemical and Pharmacological Advancements of Quinoline: A Mini Review

Quinoline is a preferred scaffold that emerges as a prominent assembly motif for the creation of novel pharmacological molecules among heterocyclic compounds. An important family of chemicals includes quinoline and its derivatives that have been studied for various biological activities. Due to its wide range of bioactivity, quinoline, which is made up of benzene fused with N-heterocyclic pyridine, has drawn a lot of interest as a key template in drug creation. In order to demonstrate the quinoline motifs' significant efficacies for upcoming drug development, this review intends to provide the most current developments in chemistry, their medicinal potential, and their pharmacological applications. As a result, these compounds have been produced by several scientific groups as intentional structures, and their biological functions have been examined. The current study offers succinct information on quinoline's natural sources, as well as details on newly marketed medications that include quinoline. The pharmacological effects of quinoline derivatives, such as their anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-protozoal, antimalarial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anthelmintic properties, are also discussed in this study. Keywords: Nitrogen-Based Heterocycles, Quinoline, Synthesis, Biological Activitie

Pharmacognostical and Physiochemical Study on the Leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn

Aim: To rationalize the macroscopial, microscopical and physico-chemical studies on leaves of plant Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. Methods: The pharmacognostic characters were determined in terms of macroscopy, microscopy and powder microscopy of plant Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves. The crude ethanolic extract of leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. was using physico-chemical parameters, and preliminary phytochemical investigation (TLC). Results: The microscopic study shows the general characteristic of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various phytochemical groups like alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenolic, tannins constituents. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the established pharmacognostic profile of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves will be helpful in developing pharmacopoeial standards for correct identification and quality control. The present observation will also be helpful in macroscopical and microscopical on leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. Keywords: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Pharmacognostical Study, Macroscopial and Microscopical studie

Formulation and Evaluation of Essential Oil Encapsulated Mosquito Repellent Gel

Mosquitoes can be found in almost every country. Many mosquito repellents have been introduced to the market in order to combat them. The mosquitos, on the other hand, developed a resistance to them. Not only that, but users are experiencing a variety of known and unknown negative side effects. As a result, a poly herbal insect repellent gel has been developed in an attempt to give dependable, long-lasting, and full protection from mosquito bites by destroying them. Three essential oils were included in the formulation of the mosquito repellent gel, as well as polymers such as tween 80, span 20, Carbopol 934, and triethanolamine. They were assessed based on their actions. Spreadibility, viscosity, swelling index, and mosquito repellent activity were used to evaluate the prepared mosquito repellent gel. As acceptance criterion, all parameters received favorable responses. The rheological study and mosquito repellent activity are highly correlated. Although the results of the current trials are promising, there is still room for more pharmacokinetic research. Keywords: Essential Oil, Emulsion Formulations, Gel, Mosquito Repellent Activit