Pollen Spectra Associated with the Orleton Farms Mastodon Site

Author Institution: Conservation Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, and Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohi

Prediction of Early Engagement and Completion of a Home Visitation Parenting Intervention for Preventing Child Maltreatment

Objective: We examined predictors of engagement and completion in a randomized trial comparing the effectiveness of two interventions for preventing child maltreatment and promoting positive parenting. Methods: Participants in this study were 255 mother-child dyads, most of whom were enrolled in Head Start programs, were randomly assigned to a 5-session home visitation intervention (Planned Activities Training-PAT) or to a similar parenting intervention enhanced by the addition of cell phone calls and text messages (CPAT). Results: (1) Early engagement and participation in the cellular phone enhanced program predicted intervention completion, and (2) the quality of parenting prior to entrance in the program predicted engagement. Conclusions: The results have important implications for engagement and completion in home visitation programs aimed at promoting positive parenting among high- risk mothers.  Implications for practitioners are also discussed

Enhancing Parent Engagement and Program Completion in a Home Visiting Parenting Intervention Through the Use of Cellular Phones

We examined factors that predict parent engagement and intervention completion in a home visiting parenting intervention. In this randomized trial, we compared the effectiveness of a parenting intervention to a cellular phone enhanced parenting intervention for preventing child maltreatment and promoting positive parenting. We randomly assigned 219 mother-child dyads, most of whom were enrolled in Head Start programs to a 5-session home visitation intervention (Planned Activities Training-PAT) or to cellular phone enhanced PAT (CPAT). We found that (1) early parent engagement predicted completion of the parenting intervention, (2) parents in the cellular phone enhanced PAT were twice as likely to complete the intervention than those in traditional PAT, and (3) the quality of parenting prior to entrance in either intervention predicted parent engagement. The implications of this study focus on the importance of early identification of parents who are higher-risk for drop-out in order to provide them additional supports to promote retention

Embodiment in the war film : Paradise Now and The Hurt Locker

In this article I compare two recent films that foreground the body at risk in the new wars of the twenty-first century. Paradise Now (Abu-Assad, 2005) and The Hurt Locker (Bigelow, 2008) convey the subject of the body in war from what would seem to be opposing perspectives, the first representing the experience of a resistance fighter, a suicide bomber in present-day Palestine, and the latter rendering the perceptions of a US soldier, the leader of a bomb disposal squad in Iraq. Seeming opposites, antitheses of each other, the two protagonists and the two films can be set face to face in a way that brings the changing nature of modern war into frame. No longer defined by the ideology of total war that shaped the grand narratives of twentieth-century combat, the new imagery of war and resistance, of insurgency and counter-insurgency, is crystallized here in a new symbolic iteration of the body at risk.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Child Abuse and Neglect: Behavioral Research, Treatment, and Theory

Described here is behavioral theory, research, and treatment of physical child abuse. A brief history is presented, along with incidence data. Some research has shown successful behavioral assessment and treatment in child abuse; many more issues remain open for additional success with this treatment refractory societal problem. These issues are explored, along with speculation as to why there has not been more research in an area of such vital social importance

Associations Among Hip Structure, Bone Mineral Density, and Strength Vary With External Bone Size in White Women

ABSTRACT Bone mineral density (BMD) is heavily relied upon to reflect structural changes affecting hip strength and fracture risk. Strong correlations between BMD and strength are needed to provide confidence that structural changes are reflected in BMD and, in turn, strength. This study investigated how variation in bone structure gives rise to variation in BMD and strength and tested whether these associations differ with external bone size. Cadaveric proximal femurs (n = 30, White women, 36–89+ years) were imaged using nanocomputed tomography (nano‐CT) and loaded in a sideways fall configuration to assess bone strength and brittleness. Bone voxels within the nano‐CT images were projected onto a plane to create pseudo dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (pseudo‐DXA) images consistent with a clinical DXA scan. A validation study using 19 samples confirmed pseudo‐DXA measures correlated significantly with those measured from a commercially available DXA system, including bone mineral content (BMC) (R2 = 0.95), area (R2 = 0.58), and BMD (R2 = 0.92). BMD–strength associations were conducted using multivariate linear regression analyses with the samples divided into narrow and wide groups by pseudo‐DXA area. Nearly 80% of the variation in strength was explained by age, body weight, and pseudo‐DXA BMD for the narrow subgroup. Including additional structural or density distribution information in regression models only modestly improved the correlations. In contrast, age, body weight, and pseudo‐DXA BMD explained only half of the variation in strength for the wide subgroup. Including bone density distribution or structural details did not improve the correlations, but including post‐yield deflection (PYD), a measure of bone material brittleness, did increase the coefficient of determination to more than 70% for the wide subgroup. This outcome suggested material level effects play an important role in the strength of wide femoral necks. Thus, the associations among structure, BMD, and strength differed with external bone size, providing evidence that structure–function relationships may be improved by judiciously sorting study cohorts into subgroups. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Route of myomectomy and fertility: a prospective cohort study

OBJECTIVE: To assess prospectively the association between the myomectomy route and fertility. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: The Comparing Treatments Options for Uterine Fibroids (COMPARE-UF) Study is a multisite national registry of eight clinic centers across the United States. PATIENT(S): Reproductive-aged women undergoing surgery for symptomatic uterine fibroids. INTERVENTION(S): Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): We used life-table methods to estimate cumulative probabilities and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of pregnancy and live birth by the myomectomy route during 12, 24, and 36 months of follow-up (2015-2019). We also conducted 12-month interval-based analyses that used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and 95% CIs for associations of interest. In all analyses, we used propensity score weighting to adjust for differences across surgical routes. RESULT(S): Among 1,095 women who underwent myomectomy (abdominal = 388, hysteroscopic = 273, and laparoscopic = 434), 202 reported pregnancy and 91 reported live birth during 36 months of follow-up. There was little difference in the 12-month probability of pregnancy or live birth by route of myomectomy overall or among women intending pregnancy. In interval-based analyses, adjusted ORs for pregnancy were 1.28 (95% CI, 0.76-2.14) for hysteroscopic myomectomy and 1.19 (95% CI, 0.76-1.85) for laparoscopic myomectomy compared with abdominal myomectomy. Among women intending pregnancy, adjusted ORs were 1.27 (95% CI, 0.72-2.23) for hysteroscopic myomectomy and 1.26 (95% CI, 0.77-2.04) for laparoscopic myomectomy compared with abdominal myomectomy. Associations were slightly stronger but less precise for live birth. CONCLUSION(S): The probability of conception or live birth did not differ appreciably by the myomectomy route among women observed for 36 months postoperatively. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER: (NCT02260752, clinicaltrials.gov)

Route of myomectomy and fertility: a prospective cohort study

OBJECTIVE: To assess prospectively the association between the myomectomy route and fertility. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: The Comparing Treatments Options for Uterine Fibroids (COMPARE-UF) Study is a multisite national registry of eight clinic centers across the United States. PATIENT(S): Reproductive-aged women undergoing surgery for symptomatic uterine fibroids. INTERVENTION(S): Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): We used life-table methods to estimate cumulative probabilities and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of pregnancy and live birth by the myomectomy route during 12, 24, and 36 months of follow-up (2015-2019). We also conducted 12-month interval-based analyses that used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and 95% CIs for associations of interest. In all analyses, we used propensity score weighting to adjust for differences across surgical routes. RESULT(S): Among 1,095 women who underwent myomectomy (abdominal = 388, hysteroscopic = 273, and laparoscopic = 434), 202 reported pregnancy and 91 reported live birth during 36 months of follow-up. There was little difference in the 12-month probability of pregnancy or live birth by route of myomectomy overall or among women intending pregnancy. In interval-based analyses, adjusted ORs for pregnancy were 1.28 (95% CI, 0.76-2.14) for hysteroscopic myomectomy and 1.19 (95% CI, 0.76-1.85) for laparoscopic myomectomy compared with abdominal myomectomy. Among women intending pregnancy, adjusted ORs were 1.27 (95% CI, 0.72-2.23) for hysteroscopic myomectomy and 1.26 (95% CI, 0.77-2.04) for laparoscopic myomectomy compared with abdominal myomectomy. Associations were slightly stronger but less precise for live birth. CONCLUSION(S): The probability of conception or live birth did not differ appreciably by the myomectomy route among women observed for 36 months postoperatively. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER: (NCT02260752, clinicaltrials.gov)