(E)-11, 13-tetradecadienal: major sex pheromone component of the eastern blackheaded budworm, Acleris variana (Fern.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

(E)-11,13-tetradecadienal (E11,13-14:Ald) is the major sex pheromone component of the eastern blackheaded budworm (EBB), Acleris variana (Fern.). The compound was identified in female pheromone gland extracts by coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), coupled GC-mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode, and retention index calculations of candidate pheromone components. E11,13-14:Ald alone as trap bait was very attractive to male EBB. Addition of the corresponding diene alcohol or acetate or both did not enhance attraction. (Z)-11,13-Tetradecadienal in binary combination with (E)-11,13-14:Ald neither enhanced nor reduced trap catches. Increasing the amounts of pheromone from 0.01 to 10 micrograms increased trap catches, but increase of pheromone quantity above 100 micrograms proportionately reduced attraction. Stabilization of slowly polymerizing E11,13-14:Ald and development of a sustained, adequate release rate is required for pheromone-based monitoring of EBB populations