Outcome of adult proximal humerus locking plate in the treatment of paediatric subtrochanteric fractures

Background: Subtrochanteric fractures in children are treated by different conservative and operative methods. Patient’s age may be the single most important factor deciding treatment. Several studies have documented superior results with internal fixation compared to non-operative treatment. The aim of the study is to evaluate the outcome of proximal humerus locking plate fixation of subtrochanteric femoral fractures in children.Methods: Between October 2015 and December 2017, 13 children with closed subtrochanteric femoral fractures including 3 pathological fractures were treated in our tertiary care teaching institute and the results were retrospectively analysed. Children of both sexes within 5–12½ years of age with isolated subtrochanteric fractures were included. There was no open fracture and fracture associated with neuromuscular disease or any systemic injury. In all cases, ORIF with proximal humerus locking plate was done using lateral approach.Results: Average age at the time of injury was 9.35 years (range 5–12 ½ years). There were four (30.77%) short oblique, four (30.77%) long oblique, three (23.08%) transverse fractures and two (15.38%) comminuted fractures. Average operative time was 88.76 minutes and average intra operative blood loss was 86.23 ml. Average follow-up was 13 months. All fractures showed radiological union at an average of 8 weeks. One case had superficial infection which was controlled by antibiotics. Two patients had limb lengthening (average 0.75 cm) but required no intervention.Conclusions: Internal fixation with adult proximal humerus locking plate appears as a good treatment option for paediatric subtrochanteric femoral fractures

The effects of high-grade metamorphism on Cr-spinel from the Archean Sittampundi complex, South India

We investigated the crystal and structural behavior of Cr-bearing spinels from the Archean chromitites of Sittampundi (India), which has been subjected to very high-grade metamorphism. The structural data show that their oxygen positional parameters are among the highest ever recorded for Cr-bearing spinels with similar Cr# and Mg# and very similar to those found for other Archean occurrences. The general agreement between electron microprobe and Mössbauer data indicates that the analyzed spinels are stoichiometric. It is therefore most likely that the PH2O and Ptotal values as well as both the oxygen fugacity and the temperature reached during high-grade metamorphism inhibited the possibility of non-stoichiometry of chromites contrary to what can happen in ophiolites where non-stoichiometry has recently been documented

Oxidation degree of chromite from Indian ophiolites: a Crystal chemical and 57Fe Mossbauer study

Several samples of Cr-bearing spinel from Indian ophiolites have been studied by X-ray single crystal diffraction and structure refinement, electron probe microanalyses and M\uf6ssbauer spectroscopy. Differences between samples coming from massive chromitite bands and those coming from podiform chromitite deposits have been evidenced: the former have (Mg,Fe)-chromite component 65 75%, the latter from 69 to 74%. In both cases the complementary components are aluminate (mainly spinel sensu stricto MgAl2O4). As magnesiochromite (MgCr2O4) is always dominant with respect to chromite (FeCr2O4), the studied samples are classified as magnesiochromite. The multi-analytical approach has revealed that some of the studied spinels are non-stoichiometric (due to Fe2+ oxidation and vacancy formation), with those coming from massive chromitite being more oxidised than those from the pods. Comparison between our results and recent literature suggested that spinel oxidation is more common than usually believed: it is not restricted to ophiolites but may occur in different geological settings and may help reconstructing the complex thermo-oxidative history of the host rock. Consequently, the proposed multi-analytical approach is crucial for an accurate crystal chemical characterisation of spinels and other Fe-bearing mineral phases, especially when geothermobarometric calculations have to be performed

The Effects of High-Grade Metamorphism on Cr-Spinel from the Archean Sittampundi Complex, South India

We investigated the crystal and structural behavior of Cr-bearing spinels from the Archean chromitites of Sittampundi (India), which had been subjected to very high-grade metamorphism. The structural data show that their oxygen positional parameters are among the highest ever recorded for Cr-bearing spinels with similar Cr# and Mg# and very similar to those found for other Archean occurrences. The general agreement between electron microprobe and Mössbauer data indicates that the analyzed spinels are stoichiometric. It is therefore most likely that the PH2O and Ptotal values as well as both the oxygen fugacity and the temperature reached during high-grade metamorphism inhibited the possibility of the non-stoichiometry of chromites, contrary to what can happen in ophiolites, where non-stoichiometry has recently been documented

The Effects of High-Grade Metamorphism on Cr-Spinel from the Archean Sittampundi Complex, South India

We investigated the crystal and structural behavior of Cr‐bearing spinels from the Ar‐ chean chromitites of Sittampundi (India), which had been subjected to very high‐grade metamor‐ phism. The structural data show that their oxygen positional parameters are among the highest ever recorded for Cr‐bearing spinels with similar Cr# and Mg# and very similar to those found for other Archean occurrences. The general agreement between electron microprobe and Mössbauer data in‐ dicates that the analyzed spinels are stoichiometric. It is therefore most likely that the PH2O and Ptotal values as well as both the oxygen fugacity and the temperature reached during high‐grade meta‐ morphism inhibited the possibility of the non‐stoichiometry of chromites, contrary to what can hap‐ pen in ophiolites, where non‐stoichiometry has recently been documented.N/

U-Pb and Lu-Hf systematics of zircons from Sargur metasediments, Dharwar Craton, Southern India: new insights on the provenance and crustal evolution

A study of U-Pb and Lu-Hf-Yb isotope data in zircons from metamorphosed psammopelite and quartzite from the type area of Archaean Sargur Group, Dharwar Craton, India is carried out. Two age populations are observed: an older population with concordant U-Pb ages between 2.7 and 2.8 Ga, and a younger population with ages in the 2.4-2.6 Ga age range. The. Hf values of 0 to +2.0 for the older zircon population suggest that they were derived from juvenile crust formed at 2.7-2.8 Ga. Sub-chondritic. Hf values for the younger population indicate metamorphism and/or crustal reworking at similar to 2.5 Ga. Meta-sedimentary enclaves in the Sargur type area are therefore part of the gneiss-supracrustal complex of different antiquities and may not have an independent stratigraphic status

Crystal chemical and 57Fe M\uf6ssbauer study of chromite from the Nuggihalli schist belt (India)

In the Nuggihalli schist belt (India), chromite bodies were affected by intense serpentinization followed by weathering. In spite of the strong oxidation of the chromite grains, some unaltered cores were preserved, and they were characterised using electron probe microanalysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and low temperature 57Fe M\u20acossbauer spectroscopy. Results of such investigations revealed that chromite cores from the Nuggihalli schist belt are effectively not oxidised, and their study revealed that chromite was not affected by greenschist-facies metamorphism. The apparently highly ordered cation distribution of the chromites, which would suggest low equilibration temperature, is just caused by the very high Cr contents, which prevent Mg\u2013Al exchange between T and M sites. Using Fabries (1979) geothermometer a temperature of about 1180 C was retrieved (Mitra and Bidyananda, 2003), which therefore corresponds to the quenched-in igneous equilibrium