Association of Interleukin 10 And Transforming Growth Factor β Gene Polymorphisms with Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) are two anti-inflammatory cytokines that are implicated in the pathogenesis of urticaria. The goal of this study was to examine the possible association of polymorphisms of TGF-β and IL-10 genes with susceptibility to chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). This study was conducted on 90 patients with CIU. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done to determine the genotype at 5 polymorphic sites; TGF-β (codon10C/T and codon25G/C) and IL-10 (-1082G/A, -819C/T, and -592C/A). The C allele at codon 25 of TGF-β was more prevalent in CIU patients compared to controls (OR = 9.5, 95% CI = 5.4-16.8, P<0.001). Genotypes of CT and CG at 10 and 25 codons of TGF-β gene, respectively, and AG, CT, and CA for loci of -1082, -819, and -592 of IL-10 gene were significantly higher in CIU patients (P<0.001). In haplotype analysis, frequency of TGF-β haplotypes differed between patients with CIU and controls; CC haplotype was overrepresented, while CG and TG haplotypes were underrepresented (P<0.001). These results suggest that TGF-β and IL-10 genetic variability could contribute to susceptibility to CIU. Additionally, patients with CIU seem to have genotypes leading to high production of TGF-β and IL-10.</p

Interleukin-2, Interferon-gamma Gene Polymorphisms in Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common oral ulcerative inflammatory disease with unknown etiology. IL-2 and IFN-γ are secreted by Th1 cells and the elevated levels of them have been reported in RAS. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-2 and IFN-γ genes could alter the cytokine production. The aim of this study was to investigate frequencies of IL-2 and IFN-γ alleles and genotypes in a group of patients with minor-RAS (MiRAS). PCR-SSP method used to type genomic DNA of 64 Iranian patients with MiRAS for IL-2 gene (G –330 T) and (G +166 T) and IFN-γ gene at position UTR5644 (A/T). Frequency of each allele and genotype was compared with control group. IL-2 +166 G allele was significantly lower among patients which was reflected in significantly decreased of GG genotype at this position, while IL-2 +166 T allele was significantly higher among patients, IL-2 GT genotype was also significantly higher in RAS patients. No significant differences were found regarding IL-2 –330 G/T allele frequencies, while IL-2 GT genotype at this position was significantly higher among patients and IL-2 –330 TT genotype was significantly lower among RAS patients. Although no significant differences were found in IFN-γ allele frequencies at UTR5644 (A/T), AT genotype at this position was significantly overrepresented among patients compared with controls. Results of this study suggest that certain SNPs of IL-2 and IFN-γ genes have association with predisposition of individuals to RAS. More studies in different ethnic groups are needed to confirm results of this study

Association of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Gene Polymorphisms in Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis

This study has been conducted to evaluate the allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies of the polymorphic gene coding TGF-β in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). TGF-β gene typing was done by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) assay. Allele frequencies were estimated by direct gene counting. C allele at codon 25 was significantly increased, while G allele at this position was significantly decreased in patients compared to the controls. A significantly higher frequency of CG genotype at codon 25 was found in control group. CC genotype and TT genotype at codon 10 of the gene was significantly decreased, while CT genotype at the same position was significantly increased in patients, indicating that CT heterozygosity at codon 10 TGF-β is associated with greater risk of RAS. CG and TG haplotypes were significantly decreased while CC and TC haplotypes were significantly increased in patients compared with controls. This study indicates the TGF-β single nucleotide polymorphisms could play a role in RAS pathogenesis. Thereby certain SNPs of TGF-β gene have an association with RAS pathogenesis

Association of Interleukin 10 And Transforming Growth Factor β Gene Polymorphisms with Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) are two anti-inflammatory cytokines that are implicated in the pathogenesis of urticaria. The goal of this study was to examine the possible association of polymorphisms of TGF-β and IL-10 genes with susceptibility to chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). This study was conducted on 90 patients with CIU. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done to determine the genotype at 5 polymorphic sites; TGF-β (codon10C/T and codon25G/C) and IL-10 (-1082G/A, -819C/T, and -592C/A). The C allele at codon 25 of TGF-β was more prevalent in CIU patients compared to controls (OR = 9.5, 95% CI = 5.4-16.8, P<0.001). Genotypes of CT and CG at 10 and 25 codons of TGF-β gene, respectively, and AG, CT, and CA for loci of -1082, -819, and -592 of IL-10 gene were significantly higher in CIU patients (P<0.001). In haplotype analysis, frequency of TGF-β haplotypes differed between patients with CIU and controls; CC haplotype was overrepresented, while CG and TG haplotypes were underrepresented (P<0.001). These results suggest that TGF-β and IL-10 genetic variability could contribute to susceptibility to CIU. Additionally, patients with CIU seem to have genotypes leading to high production of TGF-β and IL-10.</p

Association of interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor ß gene polymorphisms with Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) are two anti-inflammatory cytokines that are implicated in the pathogenesis of urticaria. The goal of this study was to examine the possible association of polymorphisms of TGF-β and IL-10 genes with susceptibility to chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). This study was conducted on 90 patients with CIU. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done to determine the genotype at 5 polymorphic sites; TGF-β (codon10C/T and codon25G/C) and IL-10 (-1082G/A, -819C/T, and -592C/A). The C allele at codon 25 of TGF-β was more prevalent in CIU patients compared to controls (OR = 9.5, 95% CI = 5.4-16.8, P<0.001). Genotypes of CT and CG at 10 and 25 codons of TGF-β gene, respectively, and AG, CT, and CA for loci of -1082, -819, and -592 of IL-10 gene were significantly higher in CIU patients (P<0.001). In haplotype analysis, frequency of TGF-β haplotypes differed between patients with CIU and controls; CC haplotype was overrepresented, while CG and TG haplotypes were underrepresented (P<0.001). These results suggest that TGF-β and IL-10 genetic variability could contribute to susceptibility to CIU. Additionally, patients with CIU seem to have genotypes leading to high production of TGF-β and IL-10

Polymorphisms Of genes encoding interleukin-4 and its receptor are associated with chronic idiopathic urticaria

RATIONALE - Interleukin-4 (IL-4) has pivotal role in promotion of T helper2 responses. ll-4 is also an important regulator of adaptive immune responses. This study is aimed at investigating of association of polymorphisms in IL-4 and IL-4-receptor genes with susceptibility to CIU. METHODS - A matched case-control study was conducted on 89 patients with CIU and 138 healthy controls. Autologous serum skin test (ASST) was performed according to international standards. Total IgE levels, thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO) and anti thyroglobulin antibodies (ATG) were investigated using spectrophotometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbant-assay, respectively. Single nucleotide polymorphisms at following positions were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction: IL-4-1098T>G (rs243248), -590C>T (rs2243250), -33C>T (rs2070874), and IL-4-receptor+1902A>G (rs1801275). Estimated frequencies were compared between patients and controls. RESULTS - ASSTwas positive in 39 (43.8%) and abnormal TPO and ATG were found in 12 (13.4%) and 6 (6.7%) of patients which were significantly higher than controls (pT (OR 2.39, 95%CI (1.41 to 4.05), pT (OR 4.5, 95%CI (1.9 to 10.82)) and -33C>T (OR 3.46, 95%CI (1.88 to 6.43)), were significantly higher in CIU patients (pCONCLUSIONS - Polymorphisms in promoter region of IL-4 but not IL- 4-receptor gene confer susceptibility to CIU and may predispose patients to immune dysregulation

Polymorphisms Of genes encoding interleukin-4 and its receptor are associated with chronic idiopathic urticaria

<b>RATIONALE</b>\ud \ud - Interleukin-4 (IL-4) has pivotal role in promotion of T\ud helper2 responses. ll-4 is also an important regulator of adaptive immune responses. This study is aimed at investigating of association of polymorphisms\ud in IL-4 and IL-4-receptor genes with susceptibility to CIU.\ud \ud <b>METHODS</b>\ud \ud - A matched case-control study was conducted on 89 patients\ud with CIU and 138 healthy controls. Autologous serum skin test (ASST) was performed according to international standards. Total IgE levels, thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO) and anti thyroglobulin antibodies (ATG) were investigated using spectrophotometry and enzyme-linked\ud immunosorbant-assay, respectively. Single nucleotide polymorphisms at following positions were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction: IL-4-1098T>G (rs243248), -590C>T (rs2243250), -33C>T (rs2070874), and IL-4-receptor+1902A>G (rs1801275). Estimated frequencies were compared between patients and controls.\ud \ud <b>RESULTS</b>\ud \ud - ASSTwas positive in 39 (43.8%) and abnormal TPO and ATG\ud were found in 12 (13.4%) and 6 (6.7%) of patients which were significantly higher than controls (p<0.05). Mean serum level of IgE was 140.57 (IU/ml) in CIU patients which fell in normal range similar to controls. patients and controls. Among polymorphic sites in IL-4gene, only C allele\ud at -33C>T (OR 2.39, 95%CI (1.41 to 4.05), p<0.001) was significantly higher in patients compared to controls. CC genotype at -590C>T (OR 4.5, 95%CI (1.9 to 10.82)) and -33C>T (OR 3.46, 95%CI (1.88 to 6.43)), were significantly higher in CIU patients (p<0.0001).\ud \ud <b>CONCLUSIONS</b>\ud \ud - Polymorphisms in promoter region of IL-4 but not IL-\ud 4-receptor gene confer susceptibility to CIU and may predispose patients to immune dysregulation

Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene polymorphisms in chronic idiopathic urticaria

Background - This study was performed to evaluate association of gene polymorphisms among proinflammatory cytokines and susceptibility to chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). Methods - Ninety patients with prolonged urticaria more than 6 weeks were included as case group. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-6 (G/C −174, G/A nt565) and TNF-α (G/A −308, G/A −238) were evaluated, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR); and the results were compared to the control group. Results - G allele was significantly higher in the patients at locus of −238 of promoter of TNF-α gene (pConclusions - Pro-inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms can affect susceptibility to CIU. TNF-α promoter polymorphisms as well as IL-6 gene polymorphisms are associated with CIU