Actual State of and Trend in the Application of Information Systems of Vietnamese Agencies and Enterprises

In recent years, the demand for receiving, processing and managing information flows and documents of administrative units, state agencies and enterprises in Vietnam is very high. This task requires timely and accurate resolution time with the efficient and effective support of information technology systems. Therefore, the application of management information systems has given organizations and enterprises a continuous and accurate control and management of internal information, thus helping managers make decisions. Accurate, accurate, optimistic and increase work efficiency. They contribute to the operation of the business goes into order.Application of management information systems in enterprises is always a concern because IT plays a very important role in economic activities, business production, sales, trade promotion, business management. .However, there are still many issues surrounding the application.The problem is: Actual state of and Trend in the application of information systems of Vietnamese agencies and enterprises now? Keywords: actual state of, trend in, information systems

A Study on a Model of Anchovy Solar

In central and southern coastal areas of Vietnam, annual yield of anchovy is enormous that leads the high demand for anchovy drying. Moreover, seafood in generally and anchovy in particularly brings more benefit for fishermen, especially dried anchovy as an exporting product is one of the main their income. The market requires that anchovy product has to be dried before packaging to export. There are many drying methods to process the anchovy but some problems might need to be solved such as the drying efficiency, the low product quality and sanitation, and the environmental annihilation. In order to using the profuse solar energy, a model for experiment investigation the anchovy dryer has been conducted in ThuDuc district, Hochiminh city with the anchovy caught from Kien giang and Baria-Vung tau province, southern Vietnam. The results indicate that solar energy is one of renewable energy which can be completely used for anchovy drying with high drying efficiency. The dried anchovy has good color, high quality, and especially it passes the requirements of food hygiene and environment protecting

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF GENETIC ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND AGRICULTURE IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The status of research, development and application of genetic technology in the US has been reflected through efforts and accomplishments in numerous fields including research, medicine, industrial biotechnology and agriculture in the past decades. In the area of medicine, the field of therapeutic purposes on human is the pioneer, in which gene therapy is attempted to carry out in various clinical trials. Diagnostic applications of human diseases which focus primarily on infectious diseases, cancer, pharmacogenomics and screening for inherited diseases by using molecular techniques related to PCR, next generation sequencing are followed. In addition, preparatory studies on human cells utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology have been undertaken in hopes of finding new treatments for cancer and rare form of eye disorder. In the field of agriculture, many large companies in the US have been developing varieties of genetically modified crops with traits of herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, drought resistance and nutrition enhancement. Among the biotech crops, proportion of planted acres of genetically engineered soybean, corn and cotton were increased rapidly and forecasted to expand in the coming years. Studies on generating genetically modified animals and fisheries have also been concentrated in order to not only resist diseases, enhance nutrition, but also provide pharmaceutical compounds. Application of new gene editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 on plants and animals help biotech products have more opportunities to be approved for commercial sale in the US market. In general, although the research and application of genetic engineering in the US has outstripped worldwide, numerous obstacles are still encountered due to serious ethical regulations and controversy regarding to human health and environment. The US government continues to establish suitable policies and invest in science and technology to improve the quality of human life

Rheological properties of emulsion of crude oil and water

In the paper the rheological properties of crude oil of White Tiger oil-field (Vietnam) and its emulsion with sea-water, including measurement results and analytical approximation formulae for wide range of pressure, temperature and water concentration, are presented. As it is known, the crude oil of White Tiger oil-field is a high-paraffin and high-viscous oil. At the low temperature (T ≤ 40°C) it behaves as non-Newtonian fluid of Bingham-Shvedov group. Therefore, beside the effective viscosity, the effective dynamic shear stress is also measured and approximated. The rheological properties of crude oil and emulsion of crude oil and water are also measured and approximated for the case when the mixture contains 0.1% chemical reagent ES-3363

Complete mitochondrial genome of Dong Tao chicken breed (Gallus gallus domesticus) of Vietnam

The complete mitochondrial genome of Dong Tao chicken breed (Gallus gallus domesticus, Dong Tao) was obtained by PCR and sequencing. The complete mitogenome was 16,783 bp in length, with the nucleotide composition for A, T, C, G was 30.29%, 23.75%, 32.48%, and 13.48%, respectively. The mitogenome of Dong Tao chicken contained a non-coding control region (D-loop), 2 rRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and 22 tRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that breed Dong Tao chicken breed was sister-close to G. gallus breed Guangxi, and paraphyletic to G. spadiceus, S. jabouillei, and a range of Chinese indigenous, ie. breeds Rugao and Taoyuan

Heart rate variability measured from wearable devices as a marker of disease severity in tetanus

Tetanus is a disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Heart rate variability (HRV) is an objective clinical marker with potential value in tetanus. This study aimed to investigate the use of wearable devices to collect HRV data and the relationship between HRV and tetanus severity. Data were collected from 110 patients admitted to the intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital in Vietnam. HRV indices were calculated from 5-minute segments of 24-hour electrocardiogram recordings collected using wearable devices. HRV was found to be inversely related to disease severity. The standard deviation of NN intervals and interquartile range of RR intervals (IRRR) were significantly associated with the presence of muscle spasms; low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) indices were significantly associated with severe respiratory compromise; and the standard deviation of differences between adjacent NN intervals, root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats, LF to HF ratio, total frequency power, and IRRR, were significantly associated with autonomic nervous system dysfunction. The findings support the potential value of HRV as a marker for tetanus severity, identifying specific indices associated with clinical severity thresholds. Data were recorded using wearable devices, demonstrating this approach in resource-limited settings where most tetanus occurs

Collaborative Exploration of Plant Genetic Resources in Northern Vietnam, 2020

Collaborative explorations of plant genetic resources are organized annually and conducted jointly by scientists of the Plant Resources Center (PRC) at the Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science and the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan, as part of the Plant Genetic Resources in Asia (PGRAsia) project that surveys the genetic diversity of crops in Asia. Due to COVID-19 regulations, the 2020 northern Vietnam exploration was conducted by only Vietnamese scientists from October 17 to 26, 2020. This region is important in terms of biodiversity, anthropological resources, and socioeconomic status. The exploration was conducted in the Quan Ba, Dong Van, and Meo Vac districts of the Ha Giang Province, Bao Lam district of Cao Bang Province, and Ba Be district of Bac Can province. A total of 71 samples were collected, including 45 chili peppers (14 Capsicum annuum, 15 Capsicum frutescens, 1 Capsicum baccatum, and 15 Capsicum spp.), 17 eggplants (14 Solanum melongena and three Solanum spp.), two pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata), one mung bean (Vigna radiata), and six snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). This paper presents the results of the collected crop germplasm along with locally reported characteristics, applications, and planting regimes. The collected samples were divided for storage and evaluation at the PRC and NARO facilities to enable the assessment of agrobiological characteristics and markers of genetic diversity.農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構（NARO）とベトナム植物遺伝資源センター（PRC）は，ベトナム国内における野菜類を中心とした遺伝資源を探索するため，PGRAsia（Plant Genetic Resource in Asia）プロジェクトのもと，2014 年から共同研究を実施している．本プロジェクトの一環として，2014年から2019年にかけてベトナム北部，中部および中南部地域において，植物遺伝資源の探索・調査をベトナムと日本共同で実施している．しかし，2020年はコロナ禍の影響を受け，探索・調査はベトナムの研究員のみで2020年10月17～26日にベトナム北部地域に位置するHa Giang省，Cao Bang省およびBac Can省において実施した．本探索において，トウガラシ45点（Capsicum annuum 14点，Capsicum frutescens 15点，Capsicum baccatum 1点，Capsicum spp. 15点），ナス17点（Solanum melongena 14点およびSolanum spp. 3点），カボチャ 2点（Cucurbita moschata），マメ科植物 7点（Vigna radiata 1点およびPhaseolus vulgaris 6点）の合計71点の遺伝資源を収集した．これらの種子は，ベトナム PRC で種子調整および包装作業の後，素材移転契約により日本に導入した．Figure 1点, Table 3点, Photo 6点, Sample Photo 71

Simultaneously induced mutations in eIF4E genes by CRISPR/Cas9 enhance PVY resistance in tobacco

Tobacco is an important commercial crop and a rich source of alkaloids for pharmaceutical and agricultural applications. However, its yield can be reduced by up to 70% due to virus infections, especially by a potyvirus Potato virus Y (PVY). The replication of PVY relies on host factors, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4Es (eIF4Es) have already been identified as recessive resistance genes against potyviruses in many plant species. To investigate the molecular basis of PVY resistance in the widely cultivated allotetraploid tobacco variety K326, we developed a dual guide RNA CRISPR/Cas9 system for combinatorial gene editing of two clades, eIF4E1 (eIF4E1-S and eIF4E1-T) and eIF4E2 (eIF4E2-S and eIF4E2-T) in the eIF4E gene family comprising six members in tobacco. We screened for CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations by heteroduplex analysis and Sanger sequencing, and monitored PVY(O) accumulation in virus challenged regenerated plants by DAS-ELISA both in T0 and T1 generations. We found that all T0 lines carrying targeted mutations in the eIF4E1-S gene displayed enhanced resistance to PVY(O) confirming previous reports. More importantly, our combinatorial approach revealed that eIF4E1-S is necessary but not sufficient for complete PVY resistance. Only the quadruple mutants harboring loss-of-function mutations in eIF4E1-S, eIF4E1-T, eIF4E2-S and eIF4E2-T showed heritable high-level resistance to PVY(O) in tobacco. Our work highlights the importance of understanding host factor redundancy in virus replication and provides a roadmap to generate virus resistance by combinatorial CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing in non-model crop plants with complex genomes

Evaluation of Xpert MTB/RIF and MODS assay for the diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) in children is rarely confirmed due to the lack of effective diagnostic tools; only 10 to 15% of pediatric TB is smear positive due to paucibacillary samples and the difficulty of obtaining high-quality specimens from children. We evaluate here the accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF in comparison with the Micoroscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) assay for diagnosis of TB in children using samples stored during a previously reported evaluation of the MODS assay. METHODS: Ninety-six eligible children presenting with suspected TB were recruited consecutively at Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam between May to December 2008 and tested by Ziehl-Neelsen smear, MODS and Mycobacterial growth Indicator (MGIT, Becton Dickinson) culture. All samples sent by the treating clinician for testing were included in the analysis. An aliquot of processed sample deposit was stored at −20°C and tested in the present study by Xpert MTB/RIF test. 183 samples from 73 children were available for analysis by Xpert. Accuracy measures of MODS and Xpert were summarized. RESULTS: The sensitivity (%) in detecting children with a clinical diagnosis of TB for smear, MODS and Xpert were 37.9 [95% CI 25.5; 51.6], 51.7 [38.2; 65.0] and 50.0 [36.6; 63.4], respectively (per patient analysis). Xpert was significantly more sensitive than smear (P=0.046). Testing of additional samples did not increase case detection for MODS while testing of a second sputum sample by Xpert detected only two additional cases. The positive and negative predictive values (%) of Xpert were 100.0 [88.0; 100.0] and 34.1 [20.5; 49.9], respectively, while those of MODS were 96.8 [83.3; 99.9] and 33.3 [19.6; 49.5]. CONCLUSION: MODS culture and Xpert MTB/RIF test have similar sensitivities for the detection of pediatric TB. Xpert MTB RIF is able to detect tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance within two hours. MODS allows isolation of cultures for further drug susceptibility testing but requires approximately one week to become positive. Testing of multiple samples by xpert detected only two additional cases and the benefits must be considered against costs in each setting. Further research is required to evaluate the optimal integration of Xpert into pediatric testing algorithms