Role of toys in the development and rehabilitation of children with developmental disorders

Mikołajewska Emilia, Komendziński Tomasz, Dreszer Joanna, Bałaj Bibianna, Mikołajewski Dariusz. Role of toys in the development and rehabilitation of children with developmental disorders. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(4):224-228. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16864http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%284%29%3A224-228https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/554863http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16864Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.02.2015. Revised 27.03.2015. Accepted: 10.04.2015. Role of toys in the development and rehabilitation of children with developmental disorders Emilia Mikołajewska1,2,3, Tomasz Komendziński3,4, Joanna Dreszer3,4, Bibianna Bałaj3,4, Dariusz Mikołajewski3,5,6 1 Department of Physiotherapy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń2 Rehabilitation Clinic, The 10th Clinical Military Hospital with Policlinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland3 Neurocognitive Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń4 Department of Cognitive Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland5 Institute of Mechanics and Applied Computer Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki Universit, Bydgoszcz, Poland6 Department of Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland  Corresponding author:Emilia MikołajewskaRehabilitation ClinicMilitary Clinical Hospital No. 10 and PolyclinicBydgoszcz, Polande-mail: [email protected], [email protected]: http://emikolajewska.netstrefa.eu Keywords: rehabilitation; physiotherapy; developmental disorders; toy use; parent–child interaction; patient-therapist relationship. Abstract Developmental disorders (called also developmental disabilities) are disorders beginning before age 18 and characterized by delay of developmental skills expected to achieve in particular age or developmental stage. Every effort toward new ways of intervention is precious, and achievement of the therapeutical success still constitutes tru challenge. This study aims at assessment how toys can be incorporated into principles of the eclectic approach toward therapy of children with developmental disabilities

Role of toys in the development of healthy infants

Mikołajewska Emilia, Komendziński Tomasz, Dreszer Joanna, Bałaj Bibianna, Mikołajewski Dariusz. Role of toys in the development of healthy infants. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(4):219-223. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16845http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%284%29%3A219-223https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/554832http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16845Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.02.2015. Revised 27.03.2015. Accepted: 10.04.2015. Role of toys in the development of healthy infants Emilia Mikołajewska1,2,3, Tomasz Komendziński3,4, Joanna Dreszer3,4, Bibianna Bałaj3,4, Dariusz Mikołajewski3,5,6 1 Department of Physiotherapy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń2 Rehabilitation Clinic, The 10th Clinical Military Hospital with Policlinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland3 Neurocognitive Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń4 Department of Cognitive Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland5 Institute of Mechanics and Applied Computer Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki Universit, Bydgoszcz, Poland6 Department of Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland  Corresponding author:Emilia MikołajewskaRehabilitation ClinicMilitary Clinical Hospital No. 10 and PolyclinicBydgoszcz, Polande-mail: [email protected], [email protected]: http://emikolajewska.netstrefa.eu   Keywords: rehabilitation; development; gesture; toy use; parent–child interaction;   Abstract Developmental outcomes in infants can be significantly improved thanks to promising use of approapriate toys. Objective assessment of their positive influence to functional achievements in healthy infants may completely change attitude to new generation of toys, developing motor, cognitive, and social skills. Despite advances in toys assessment their true influence remains incomplete. This study aims at assessment how current knowledge and experience influences principles of the toys selection and use in healthy infants

Spatiotemporal complexity patterns of resting‐state bioelectrical activity explain fluid intelligence : sex matters

Neural complexity is thought to be associated with efficient information processing but the exact nature of this relation remains unclear. Here, the relationship of fluid intelligence (gf) with the resting‐state EEG (rsEEG) complexity over different timescales and different electrodes was investigated. A 6‐min rsEEG blocks of eyes open were analyzed. The results of 119 subjects (57 men, mean age = 22.85 ± 2.84 years) were examined using multivariate multiscale sample entropy (mMSE) that quantifies changes in information richness of rsEEG in multiple data channels at fine and coarse timescales. gf factor was extracted from six intelligence tests. Partial least square regression analysis revealed that mainly predictors of the rsEEG complexity at coarse timescales in the frontoparietal network (FPN) and the temporo‐parietal complexities at fine timescales were relevant to higher gf. Sex differently affected the relationship between fluid intelligence and EEG complexity at rest. In men, gf was mainly positively related to the complexity at coarse timescales in the FPN. Furthermore, at fine and coarse timescales positive relations in the parietal region were revealed. In women, positive relations with gf were mostly observed for the overall and the coarse complexity in the FPN, whereas negative associations with gf were found for the complexity at fine timescales in the parietal and centro‐temporal region. These outcomes indicate that two separate time pathways (corresponding to fine and coarse timescales) used to characterize rsEEG complexity (expressed by mMSE features) are beneficial for effective information processing

Wpływ złożoności obiektu i wielkości kąta rotacji na ruchy oczu podczas wykonywania rotacji umysłowej

Celem naukowym badania było poszukiwanie czynników modyfikujących ruchy oczu obserwowane podczas wykonywania zadania rotacji wyobrażeniowej. Z jednej strony poszukiwano różnic we wskaźnikach dotyczących ruchów oczu w fazie percepcji obiektu w pozycji wyjściowej i zrotowanej, z drugiej strony testowano wpływ złożoności obiektów na siłę podobieństwa między percepcją i wyobraźnią w czasach fiksacji wzroku w odpowiadających sobie regionach zainteresowania. Rezultaty pokazały dłuższe średnie czasy trwania, mniejszą liczbę i częstotliwość fiksacji wzroku podczas wyobrażania sobie obiektów w porównaniu z ich oglądaniem. Można zatem stwierdzić, że wyobrażenia wymagały dłuższego, głębszego przetwarzania danych, niż miało to miejsce podczas oglądania obiektu. Podobieństwo percepcji i wyobraźni pod względem czasów fiksacji wzroku w odpowiadających sobie regionach zainteresowania było silniejsze dla obiektów prostych w porównaniu ze złożonymi. Ponadto wykazano, że dla większych kątów rotacji liczba fiksacji była większa, a częstotliwość mniejsza w porównaniu z mniejszymi kątami, co wskazuje na wzrost odczuwanego poziomu trudności zadania i wzrost zaangażowania poznawczego wraz z rosnącym kątem rotacji

The influence of object complexity and rotation angle on eye movements during mental rotation

The scientific objective of the study was to identify factors modifying the eye movements observed during the performance of mental rotation tasks. On the one hand, differences were sought in indicators concerning eye movements between the phases of the perception of an object in the original and rotated positions; on the other hand, the study tested the influence of object complexity on the strength of similarity between perception and visualization in terms of the times of eye fixation in corresponding regions of interest. The results showed longer mean fixation times as well as a lower number and frequency of eye fixations when visualizing objects compared to viewing them. It can therefore be concluded that mental images required longer and deeper data processing than viewed objects did. The similarity of perception and visualization in terms of visual fixation times in corresponding regions of interest was stronger for simple objects than for complex ones. Moreover, it was demonstrated that for larger rotation angles the number of fixations was higher and their frequency was lower compared to smaller angles, which suggests an increase in perceived task difficulty and an increase in cognitive engagement with the increase in rotation angle

The Influence of Figurative Images and Catalogue Information on the Aesthetic Perception of Contemporary Painting

Przedmiotem artykułu jest badanie percepcji estetycznej obrazów figuratywnych i abstrakcyjnych, których oglądanie poprzedzało bądź nie zapoznanie się z informacją katalogową przez laików i ekspertów. Tło teoretyczne badań stanowiła koncepcja uwzględniająca postrzeganie dzieła malarskiego z perspektywy formy, treści i aksjologii. Uzyskane wyniki sugerują, że laicy mogą mieć trudności w odbiorze warstwy formalnej sztuki współczesnej. Laicy mogą też napotkać problemy, interpretując obrazy abstrakcyjne, w czym jednak może pomóc im zapoznanie się z opisem katalogowym.The aim of the article is to examine the aesthetic perception of figurative and abstract paintings by groups of naive and experienced viewers with or without the knowledge of the information provided in the catalogue. The experiment was based on the theoretical concept of viewing the paintings from the perspective of form, content and axiology. The results of the research suggest that naive viewers can find the reception of the formal level of contemporary art difficult. They are also inclined to experience difficulties in the interpretation of abstract paintings. This, however, can be facilitated by providing them with the catalogue description

Role of Visual Speech Cues (Cued Speech) in Foreign Language Learning by Hearing School-Age Children

In this study, we aimed to determine the role of visual speech cues in the process of foreign language learning by hearing school-age children. Our experiments used Cued Speech, a method designed for people who are deaf or hard of hearing. We expected that the principles of the method might also be beneficial for people with normal hearing because they may help distinguish the sounds of foreign speech that are difficult to hear. This study mainly focused on the effects of speech perception. We tested 126 Polish junior high school students (66 girls and 60 boys) with a normal range of phonemic hearing and language aptitude. We envisaged that foreign language learners using visual speech cues would achieve a higher score on a test of foreign language than learners who had studied the language in the traditional manner. We also formulated a hypothesis concerning the interaction of training type and training conditions on the effectiveness of foreign language learning: that the difference in the effects of foreign language learning between participants who received visual or executive training and typical training would be more significant in the presence of auditory distractors than in their absence. We observed interactions between conditions and types of training for speech sound identification. Under conditions of auditory distraction, foreign language learners using Cued Speech scored significantly higher than learners who had traditional training

The impact of reading or listening to a contextual information relating to contemporary paintings on the evaluation by non-experts in the field of art

Celem badania była analiza wpływu zapoznania się z opisem katalogowym w różnych warunkach: przeczytania lub wysłuchania opisu przed obejrzeniem obrazu, wysłuchania opisu w trakcie oglądania obrazu, braku opisu (warunek kontrolny) na ocenę abstrakcyjnego i figuratywnego malarstwa współczesnego. W badaniach uczestniczyli studenci, którzy nie byli ekspertami w dziedzinie sztuki. Badani oglądali reprodukcje obrazów, znając bądź nie ich opisy katalogowe. Obrazy oceniano z perspektywy formy, treści i aksjologii, z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza oceny dzieła malarskiego. Jego konstrukcję wywiedziono z teorii estetyki Romana Ingardena. Za podstawę teoretyczną badań posłużyły koncepcje: (1) pamięci roboczej, (2) podwójnego kodowania oraz (3) płynności przetwarzania i przyjemności estetycznej. Weryfikowano hipotezy, zgodnie z którymi nieprofesjonalni odbiorcy oceniają wyżej na wymiarze aksjologicznym obrazy, jeśli zapoznają się z ich opisami katalogowymi (zwłaszcza w sytuacji jednoczesnego oglądania obrazu i słuchania opisu); a także jeśli są to obrazy figuratywne. Okazało się, że nieprofesjonalni odbiorcy sztuki bardziej doceniają współczesne obrazy figuratywne niż abstrakcyjne – co potwierdza przyjętą hipotezę. Stwierdzono też, że wartościowanie dzieła przez niedoświadczonego widza zależy nie tyle od podania mu informacji katalogowej, ale od sposobu zapoznania się odbiorcy z tą informacją. Odkryciem nowym w stosunku do wcześniejszych badań jest ustalenie, iż nieprofesjonalnym odbiorcom sztuki współczesne obrazy podobają się bardziej i w większym stopniu wzbudzają pozytywne emocje, gdy ich oglądaniu towarzyszy wysłuchanie informacji katalogowej, niż gdy informacja katalogowa wysłuchana jest tuż przed oglądaniem dzieła. Rezultat ten jest ważny aplikacyjnie i może zostać wykorzystany m.in. przez działy edukacji galerii i muzeów

Psychosocial Determinants of Recreational Activity within Urban Green Spaces during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland

Recreational activity undertaken within urban green spaces (UGS) is an action that could be self-governed and self-regulated by a given person under the pressure of COVID-19. We aimed to identify the factors that induce or reduce the frequency of recreational activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. These factors were explored among two distinct fields: (1) demographic variables and (2) stress-coping strategies. The former is associated with a body of literature on socioeconomic determinants of physical activity. The latter is derived from psychological studies on coping responses to problems. In this paper, we present an interdisciplinary perspective on human recreational activity during the pandemic. We collected information on stress-coping strategies and the patterns of urban green recreation among 376 prime-age Polish adults with different places of residence. We observed that people who use forests daily had higher scores of acceptance as a coping strategy than people using green spaces only on weekends. As choosing acceptance as a coping strategy is typical for those who consider their situation to be irreversible, green recreation may help to acclimate individuals to stressful situations that cannot be easily changed or controlled, which is the case for the pandemic. Moreover, we found that active coping, as well as avoidant coping, were predictors of increased use of green spaces during the pandemic. This conclusion affirms that green recreation as a form of reducing COVID-19-induced stress is associated with the dual nature of coping (active and avoidant). Further research is necessary to better understand of motivation to use urban green recreation, especially when practiced as a method of strengthening mental health

Psychosocial Determinants of Recreational Activity within Urban Green Spaces during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland

Recreational activity undertaken within urban green spaces (UGS) is an action that could be self-governed and self-regulated by a given person under the pressure of COVID-19. We aimed to identify the factors that induce or reduce the frequency of recreational activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. These factors were explored among two distinct fields: (1) demographic variables and (2) stress-coping strategies. The former is associated with a body of literature on socioeconomic determinants of physical activity. The latter is derived from psychological studies on coping responses to problems. In this paper, we present an interdisciplinary perspective on human recreational activity during the pandemic. We collected information on stress-coping strategies and the patterns of urban green recreation among 376 prime-age Polish adults with different places of residence. We observed that people who use forests daily had higher scores of acceptance as a coping strategy than people using green spaces only on weekends. As choosing acceptance as a coping strategy is typical for those who consider their situation to be irreversible, green recreation may help to acclimate individuals to stressful situations that cannot be easily changed or controlled, which is the case for the pandemic. Moreover, we found that active coping, as well as avoidant coping, were predictors of increased use of green spaces during the pandemic. This conclusion affirms that green recreation as a form of reducing COVID-19-induced stress is associated with the dual nature of coping (active and avoidant). Further research is necessary to better understand of motivation to use urban green recreation, especially when practiced as a method of strengthening mental health