Estresse no trabalho da enfermagem em hospital de pronto-socorro: análise usando a Job Stress Scale

Estudio que tuvo el objetivo identificar el estrés en el trabajo, según la Job Stress Scale y asociarlo con aspectos sociodemográficos y laborales de trabajadores de enfermería de un hospital de emergencia. Estudio de tipo transversal, cuyos datos fueron recolectados, por medio de cuestionario, con 388 profesionales de enfermería. El análisis fue realizado con la estadística descriptiva, análisis univariado y multivariado. Los resultados identificaron asociación significativa con el cargo de técnico/auxiliar de enfermería, tiempo en el cargo superior a 15 años y bajo apoyo social, con chances respectivas de 3,84; 2,25 y 4,79 mayores para el cuadrante alto desgaste. El estudio demostró que los aspectos relacionados al ambiente de trabajo deben ser acompañados por los órganos competentes con la finalidad de invertir recursos en la calidad de vida en el trabajo de la enfermería.Trata-se de estudo cujo objetivo foi identificar o estresse no trabalho, segundo a Job Stress Scale, e associá-lo aos aspectos sociodemográficos e laborais de trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital de pronto-socorro. É estudo tipo transversal, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de questionário, com 388 profissionais de enfermagem. A análise foi realizada pela estatística descritiva, análise univariada e multivariada. Através dos resultados identificaram-se associação significativa com o cargo de técnico/auxiliar de enfermagem, tempo no cargo superior a 15 anos e baixo apoio social, com chances respectivas de 3,84, 2,25 e 4,79 maiores para o quadrante alto desgaste. Demonstra-se, assim, que os aspectos relacionados ao ambiente de trabalho devem ser acompanhadas pelos órgãos competentes no intuito de investir na qualidade de vida no trabalho da enfermagem.This study identifies workplace stress according to the Job Stress Scale and associates it with socio-demographic and occupational variables of nursing workers from an emergency hospital. This is a cross-sectional study and data were collected through a questionnaire applied to 388 nursing professionals. Descriptive statistics were applied; univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. The results indicate there is a significant association with being a nursing technician or auxiliary, working in the position for more than 15 years, and having low social support, with 3.84, 2.25 and 4.79 times more chances of being placed in the high strain job' quadrant. The study reveals that aspects related to the workplace should be monitored by competent agencies in order to improve the quality of life of nursing workers

Workplace stress in nursing workers from an emergency hospital: Job Stress Scale analysis

This study identifies workplace stress according to the Job Stress Scale and associates it with socio-demographic and occupational variables of nursing workers from an emergency hospital. This is a cross-sectional study and data were collected through a questionnaire applied to 388 nursing professionals. Descriptive statistics were applied; univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. The results indicate there is a significant association with being a nursing technician or auxiliary, working in the position for more than 15 years, and having low social support, with 3.84, 2.25 and 4.79 times more chances of being placed in the ‘high strain job' quadrant. The study reveals that aspects related to the workplace should be monitored by competent agencies in order to improve the quality of life of nursing workers.Estudio que tuvo el objetivo identificar el estrés en el trabajo, según la Job Stress Scale y asociarlo con aspectos sociodemográficos y laborales de trabajadores de enfermería de un hospital de emergencia. Estudio de tipo transversal, cuyos datos fueron recolectados, por medio de cuestionario, con 388 profesionales de enfermería. El análisis fue realizado con la estadística descriptiva, análisis univariado y multivariado. Los resultados identificaron asociación significativa con el cargo de técnico/auxiliar de enfermería, tiempo en el cargo superior a 15 años y bajo apoyo social, con chances respectivas de 3,84; 2,25 y 4,79 mayores para el cuadrante alto desgaste. El estudio demostró que los aspectos relacionados al ambiente de trabajo deben ser acompañados por los órganos competentes con la finalidad de invertir recursos en la calidad de vida en el trabajo de la enfermería.Trata-se de estudo cujo objetivo foi identificar o estresse no trabalho, segundo a Job Stress Scale, e associá-lo aos aspectos sociodemográficos e laborais de trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital de pronto-socorro. É estudo tipo transversal, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de questionário, com 388 profissionais de enfermagem. A análise foi realizada pela estatística descritiva, análise univariada e multivariada. Através dos resultados identificaram-se associação significativa com o cargo de técnico/auxiliar de enfermagem, tempo no cargo superior a 15 anos e baixo apoio social, com chances respectivas de 3,84, 2,25 e 4,79 maiores para o quadrante alto desgaste. Demonstra-se, assim, que os aspectos relacionados ao ambiente de trabalho devem ser acompanhadas pelos órgãos competentes no intuito de investir na qualidade de vida no trabalho da enfermagem

β-Glucan induces reactive oxygen species production in human neutrophils to improve the killing of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata isolates from vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is among the most prevalent vaginal diseases. Candida albicans is still the most prevalent species associated with this pathology, however, the prevalence of other Candida species, such as C. glabrata, is increasing. The pathogenesis of these infections has been intensely studied, nevertheless, no consensus has been reached on the pathogenicity of VVC. In addition, inappropriate treatment or the presence of resistant strains can lead to RVVC (vulvovaginal candidiasis recurrent). Immunomodulation therapy studies have become increasingly promising, including with the β-glucans. Thus, in the present study, we evaluated microbicidal activity, phagocytosis, intracellular oxidant species production, oxygen consumption, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and the release of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-1β, and IL-1Ra in neutrophils previously treated or not with β-glucan. In all of the assays, human neutrophils were challenged with C. albicans and C. glabrata isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis. β-glucan significantly increased oxidant species production, suggesting that β-glucan may be an efficient immunomodulator that triggers an increase in the microbicidal response of neutrophils for both of the species isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis. The effects of β-glucan appeared to be mainly related to the activation of reactive oxygen species and modulation of cytokine release

Cytokine release by β-glucan-treated neutrophils activated by different isolates of <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>C. glabrata</i>.

<p>Neutrophils (2.0×10⁶ cells/ml) were previously treated or not with 3 mg/ml β-glucan and activated or not by the reference strain and different isolates of (A) <i>C. albicans</i> and (B) <i>C. glabrata</i> (RVVC, VVC, and ASS; 2.0×10⁷ CFU/ml) and 1 µg/ml LPS and cultured for 18 h. (a, a’) IL-8. (b, b’) IL-1β. (c, c’) IL-1Ra. (d, d’) TNF-α. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *<i>p</i>≤0.05, significant difference compared with the control group (neutrophils alone); ^#<i>p</i>≤0.05, significant difference compared with untreated and activated neutrophils.</p

Oxygen consumption by β-glucan-treated neutrophils activated by different isolates of <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>C. glabrata</i>.

<p>Neutrophils (2.0×10⁶ cells/ml) were previously treated or not with 3 mg/ml β-glucan and activated or not by the reference strain and different isolates of (A) <i>C. albicans</i> and (B) <i>C. glabrata</i> (RVVC, VVC, and ASS; 2.0×10⁷ CFU/ml). Oxygen consumption was monitored for 5–10 min and calculated from the polarographic recordings using an initial concentration of dissolved oxygen of 190 µM at 37°C. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *<i>p</i>≤0.05, significant difference compared with the control group (neutrophils alone); ^#<i>p</i>≤0.05, significant difference compared with untreated and activated neutrophils.</p

Intracellular oxidant species production by β-glucan-treated neutrophils activated by different isolates of <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>C. glabrata</i> determined by flow cytometry.

<p>Neutrophils (2.0×10⁶ cells/ml) were previously treated or not with 3 mg/ml β-glucan and incubated for 1 h with the reference strain and different isolates of (A) <i>C. albicans</i> and (B) <i>C. glabrata</i> (RVVC, VVC, and ASS; 2.0×10⁷ CFU/ml), followed by 30 min incubation with DHR. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD of at least three independent experiments. <b>*</b><i>p</i>≤0.05, significant difference compared with the control group (neutrophils alone); ^#<i>p</i>≤0.05, significant difference compared with untreated and activated neutrophils. (C and D) Representative dot plot display of FL1 (green fluorescence) <i>vs</i>. FL2 on a logarithmic scale. (C – (a) ATCC, (c) ASS, (e) VVC,(g) RVVC) <i>C. albicans</i> with untreated neutrophils. (C – (b) ATCC,(d) ASS,(f) VVC,(h) RVVC) <i>C. albicans</i> with neutrophils previously treated with 3 mg/ml β-glucan. (D – (a’) ATCC,(c’) ASS,(e’) VVC,(g’) RVVC) <i>C. glabrata</i> with untreated neutrophils. (D – (b’) ATCC,(d’) ASS,(f’) VVC,(h’) RVVC) <i>C. glabrata</i> with neutrophils previously treated with 3 mg/ml β-glucan.</p

Myeloperoxidase activity of β-glucan-treated neutrophils activated by different isolates of <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>C. glabrata</i> (integrated light emission).

<p>The inset represents kinetic study of MPO activity of β-glucan-treated neutrophils after 20 minutes of incubation. Neutrophils (2.0×10⁶ cells/ml) were previously treated or not with 3 mg/ml β-glucan and incubated with the reference strain and different isolates of (A) <i>C. albicans</i> and (B) <i>C. glabrata</i> (2×10⁷ CFU/ml) for 30 min. (a,a’) ATCC. (b,b’) ASS. (c,c’) VVC. (d,d’) RVVC. After incubation, chemiluminescence was monitored for 20 min at 37°C in a microplate luminometer using luminol as a chemical light amplifier. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *<i>p</i>≤0.05, significant difference compared with the control group (neutrophils alone); ^#<i>p</i>≤0.05, significant difference compared with untreated and activated neutrophils.</p

Phagocytosis activity of β-glucan-treated neutrophils activated by different isolates of <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>C. glabrata</i>. Neutrophils (2.0×10⁶ cells/ml) were previously treated or not with 3 mg/ml β-glucan and incubated for 1 h at 37°C with the reference strain and different isolates of (A) <i>C. albicans</i> and (B) <i>C. glabrata</i> (RVVC, VVC, and ASS; 2.0×10⁷ CFU/ml) labeled with FITC.

<p>Phagocytosis was determined by flow cytometry, and the results are expressed as the mean fluorescence (in arbitrary units [au]) ± SD of three independent experiments. <b>^#</b><i>p</i>≤0.05, significant difference compared with untreated and activated neutrophils.</p

Microbicidal activity of β-glucan-treated neutrophils activated by different isolates of <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>C. glabrata</i>.

<p>Neutrophils (2.0×10⁶ cells/ml) were previously treated or not with 3 mg/ml β-glucan and incubated with the reference strain and different isolates of (A) <i>C. albicans</i> and (B) <i>C. glabrata</i> (RVVC, VVC, and ASS; 2.0×10⁷ CFU/ml) at 37°C for different times (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min). The quantity of viable yeast was estimated by plating the samples in Sabouraund Dextrose Agar (SDA) at 37°C for 24 h. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD of three separate experiments. <b>*</b><i>p</i>≤0.05, significant difference compared with the control group (yeast alone); <b>^#</b><i>p</i>≤0.05, significant difference compared with untreated and activated neutrophils.</p