Essential of Hair Care Cosmetics

Nowadays, hair care and style play a very important role in people's physical aspect and self-perception. Hair cosmetics can be distinguished into two main categories: cosmetics with temporary effect on the hair, for example shampoos, conditioners, sprays, and temporary colors; and cosmetics with permanent effect on the hair, such as permanent waves, relaxers, bleaches and permanent colors. These cosmetic procedures may induce hair abnormalities. We provide an overview on the most important characteristics of these procedures, analyzing components and effects on the hair. Finally, we evaluated new camouflage techniques and tattoo scalp

Diffuse Hair Loss in a Young Female

We present the case of a 21 year-old woman who came to our attention complaining an acute and diffuse hair loss, lasting from about 5 months. She also observed an important hair thinning. The patient was healthy and denied events like psychological stress, significant fever or fast weight loss in the previous months. She had no nutritional deficiency or thyroid disorders. The personal history revealed polycystic ovary syndrome, with normal hormones levels. Her familiar history was positive for male androgenetic alopecia. Clinical examination of the scalp revealed moderate hair density (Figure 1). Eyebrows, eyelashes and body hair were normal, as well as nails

Role of dynamic optical coherence tomography for in vivo investigation of nails

Introduction Nail diseases are often troubling to the patient and diagnostically challenging for dermatologists. Therefore, a nail biopsy is required in some cases although often perceived uncomfortable by the patient and potentially scarring. Non-invasive imaging techniques are of particular interest in the diagnosis of nail diseases, reducing the number of nail biopsies. Objective The main objective of this study was to describe the typical aspect of healthy nail in Dynamic OCT (D-OCT) and assess the morphological changes that occur in different affected nails. Secondary objective was to detect the main characteristics of each nail disease. Material and Methods This was an observational, retrospective study carried out in our dermatology center from January 2016 to June 2018. Consecutive patients affected by nail diseases and volunteers with healthy nail were recruited. There were no limitations in age or gender. Standardized clinical and dermoscopic images were acquired per patient. D-OCT (VivoSight®: Michelson Diagnostics, Maidstone, UK) was performed on the surface of any nail investigated at three different distances: proximal nail fold, proximal and distal part of the nail plate. In case of suspicious nail tumour, for a better identification of the lesion and its borders, more D-OCT acquisitions were executed. Results 25 nail diseases from 126 patients were evaluated and divided in six main groups: nail changes, ungual infections, ingrowing toenails, nail pigmentation, nail neoformations and inflammatory nail disorders. Mean age of our patient population was 45.7 years (range 9-87) and the majority were female (81 cases, 64.3%). Moreover, 2 healthy nails from 5 volunteers (2 men and 3 women) with a mean age of 34.4 years (range 26-56) were collected. Conclusions D-OCT allows an early diagnosis of nail disease, reduces the number of nail biopsies, helps for the biopsy site selection, detection of the nail tumours borders and for the treatment monitoring

Role of dynamic optical coherence tomography for in vivo investigation of nails

Introduction & Objectives Nail diseases are often very troublesome to the patient and may present a diagnostic challenge even for an expert dermatologist. Pathologies of the nail bed may be either indistinct or hidden by the nail plate. Currently, nail disease diagnosis is based mainly on clinical examination and dermoscopy assessment although the nail bed can be examined visually only partially. Therefore, in some cases a nail biopsy is required, but it may be unpleasant to the patient, time-consuming and leave scarring and potentially permanent disfigurement of the nail. Non-invasive imaging technologies are of high interest in the study of nails, can facilitate differential diagnosis of pathologies in the nail unit, reduce the number of nail biopsies and may delineate tumours. The main objective of this study was to describe the typical aspect of healthy nail in Dynamic OCT (D-OCT) and assess the morphological changes that occur in different affected nails. Secondary objective was to detect the main characteristics of each nail disease. Material & Methods This was an observational, retrospective study carried out in our dermatology center from January 2016 to June 2018. Consecutive patients affected by nail diseases and volunteers with healthy nail were recruited. There were no limitations in age or gender. Standardized clinical and dermoscopic images were acquired per patient. D-OCT (VivoSight®: Michelson Diagnostics, Maidstone, UK) was performed on the surface of any nail investigated at three different distances: proximal nail fold, proximal and distal part of the nail plate. In case of suspicious nail tumour, for a better identification of the lesion and its borders, more D-OCT acquisitions were executed. Results 25 nail diseases from 126 patients were evaluated and divided in six main groups: nail changes, ungual infections, ingrowing toenails, nail pigmentation, nail neoformations and inflammatory nail disorders. Mean age of our patient population was 45.7 years (range 9-87) and the majority were female (81 cases, 64.3%). Moreover, 2 healthy nails from 5 volunteers (2 men and 3 women) with a mean age of 34.4 years (range 26-56) were collected. Conclusions D-OCT provides the opportunity to evaluate dynamic changes in the nails over time and without interfering with the tissue, and therefore have the potential to provide data superior to sequential biopsies. Therefore, D-OCT is a very useful non-invasive tool that allows an early diagnosis of nail disease, reduces the number of nail biopsies, helps for the biopsy site selection, detection of the nail tumours borders and for the treatment monitoring

Dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography for the diagnosis of lichen simplex chronicus localized on the scalp

Introduction Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) is characterized by lichenified plaques that occur as a result of constant scratching or rubbing of the skin. The scalp is one of the most common locations involved by this chronic condition. No data on reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT) of LSC on the scalp exist, while the useful of dermatoscopy for the diagnosis of this disease was described in three cases. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate features of LSC at dermoscopy, RCM and D-OCT in order to provide a rapid non-invasive bed-side diagnosis. Material and Methods This was an observational, retrospective study carried out in our dermatology center from January 2015 to September 2018. A clinical assessment, digital dermatoscope examination, RCM (VivaScope\uae 3000: Mavig GmbH, Munich, Germany) and D-OCT (VivoSight\uae: Michelson Diagnostics, Maidstone, UK) were performed in patients with suspicious LSC of scalp. The diagnosis of LSC was confirmed histologically in all cases. Results In total, 3 lesions of the scalp from 2 patients with LSC were evaluated. We show that dermatoscopy, RCM and OCT can be useful tools for the diagnosis of LSC. We also correlate the dermatoscopic, RCM and OCT signs with the pathological features observed in transversely sectioned scalp biopsies from affected scalp of these two patients. Conclusions Dermoscopy, RCM and OCT provide useful information for a rapid diagnosis of LSC of scalp and for the identification of biopsy site

Dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography for the diagnosis of lichen simplex chronicus localized on the scalp

Introduction & Objectives: Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) is characterized by lichenified plaques that occur as a result of constant scratching or rubbing of the skin. The scalp is one of the most common locations involved by this chronic condition. No data on reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of LSC on the scalp exist, while the useful of dermatoscopy for the diagnosis of this disease was described in three cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate features of LSC at dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in order to provide a rapid non-invasive bed-side diagnosis. Materials & Methods: A clinical assessment, digital dermatoscope examination, RCM and OCT were performed in two patients with LSC of scalp. The diagnosis of LSC was confirmed histologically. Results: We show that dermatoscopy, RCM and OCT can be useful tools for the diagnosis of LSC. We also correlate the dermatoscopic, RCM and OCT signs with the pathological features observed in transversely sectioned scalp biopsies from affected scalp of these two patients. Conclusions: Dermoscopy, RCM and OCT provide useful information for a rapid diagnosis of LSC of scalp and for the identification of biopsy site

Efficacious and safe management of thick scales, redness and flaky scalp condition using a specific shampoo containing urea, glycolic acid, salicylic acid, icthyol pale and laureth 9

Dandruff is a common condition, generally due to seborrheic dermatitis (SD) and occasionally to scalp psoriasis (SP), which is characterized by accumulation of scales, oily, red and flaky scalp, often accompanied by itch. The aim of our study was to evaluate the cleansing efficacy and tolerability of a new shampoo (Psorisdin Shampoo®) containing urea, glycolic acid, salicylic acid, ichthyol pale and laureth 9 compared to a nonspecific shampoo. A total of 10 subjects (4 males and 6 females, 18–60 years) with mild–moderate scalp inflammation with redness, itching and flaking, due to SP and/or SD, were included in this open clinical study. The treatment efficacy was assessed by comparison of global photography and trichoscopy pictures, evaluating the presence of scales and erythema on the scalp, the number and morphology of capillaries and verifying disease evolution, severity of symptoms and presence of scalp irritation/itch. The use of this medicated shampoo resulted in an important improvement of patient's scalp and hair clinical appearance and was well tolerated, with disappearance of scalp irritation and itching in almost all patients, showing higher cleansing and soothing property than a nonspecific shampoo. The effect of the tested shampoo was maintained over time, even after 5 days since the last wash

Considerations for Management of Longitudinal Melanonychia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Perspective

To the editor: 34 Longitudinal melanonychia (LM) is the presenting sign of nail unit melanoma (NUM) in 2/3 35 of cases and is therefore among the most important conditions managed by dermatologists. In 36 normal times, referral for LM would prompt an expedited appointment for clinical 37 examination and dermoscopy.1 However, due to SARS-CoV-2, dermatologists have been 38 asked to reconsider “urgent/emergency” conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic has propelled 39 physicians to unexpectedly adopt telemedicine without adequate guidance for managing LM 40 patients

An Atypical Presentation of Extragenital Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus

open6noLichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus is a chronic inflammatory,invalidating disorder mainly involving the anogenital skin. Extragenital lesions are uncommon, occurring asmultiple, oval, porcelain-white macules, or papules. Whenpresent, they are mostly observed on the superior trunk, axillae, buttocks, and extremities, following Blaschko lines.openSabina Vaccari, Alessia Barisani, Francesca Pepe, Carlotta Baraldi, Bianca Maria Piraccini, Valeria GaspariSabina Vaccari, Alessia Barisani, Francesca Pepe, Carlotta Baraldi, Bianca Maria Piraccini, Valeria Gaspar

Adherent Serous Crust of the Scalp: Inflammatory or Infectious Hair Disease? A Case of Scalp Eschar and Neck Lymph Adenopathy after a Tick Bite

Scalp eschar and neck lymphadenopathy after tick bite (SENLAT) is an emerging and increasingly common syndrome, primarily described in Europe..