36,778 research outputs found
Qutrit Dichromatic Calculus and Its Universality
We introduce a dichromatic calculus (RG) for qutrit systems. We show that the
decomposition of the qutrit Hadamard gate is non-unique and not derivable from
the dichromatic calculus. As an application of the dichromatic calculus, we
depict a quantum algorithm with a single qutrit. Since it is not easy to
decompose an arbitrary d by d unitary matrix into Z and X phase gates when d >
2, the proof of the universality of qudit ZX calculus for quantum mechanics is
far from trivial. We construct a counterexample to Ranchin's universality
proof, and give another proof by Lie theory that the qudit ZX calculus contains
all single qudit unitary transformations, which implies that qudit ZX calculus,
with qutrit dichromatic calculus as a special case, is universal for quantum
mechanics.Comment: In Proceedings QPL 2014, arXiv:1412.810
The mass estimate in narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies
It is possible that narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) are in the early
stage of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) evolution. It is important to estimate
the mass of supermassive black hole (SBH) in NLS1s. Here we considered the
different kinds of methods to estimate the SBH masses in NLS1s. The virial mass
from the H linewidth assuming random orbits of broad line regions (BLRs)
is consistent with that from the statured soft X-ray luminosity, which showed
that most of NLS1s are in the super-Eddington accretion state. The mass from
the [O III] linewidth is systematically larger than that from above two
methods. It is necessary to measure he bulge stellar dispersion and/or bulge
luminosity in NLS1s.Comment: 2 Pages, 1 figure, in Prof. IAU Symposium No. 222, "The interplay
among Black Holes, Stars and ISM in Galactic Nuclei ", eds. T.
Storchi-Bergmann, Luis Ho and H. R. Schmit
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