How Do Regulated and Unregulated Labor Markets Respond to Shocks? Evidence from Immigrants During the Great Recession

We study wage adjustment during the recent crisis in Italy using a unique dataset on immigrant workers that includes those employed in formal and informal sector. We find that before the crisis immigrants’ wages in the formal and informal sectors moved in parallel (with a 15% premium in the formal labor market). During the crisis, however, formal wages did not adjust down while wages in the unregulated informal labor market fell so that by 2013 the gap had grown to 32%. The difference was particularly salient for workers in occupations where the minimum wage is likely to be binding, and in “simple” occupations where there is high substitutability between immigrant and native workers. Calibrating a simple partial equilibrium model of spillovers between formal and informal markets, we find that less than 10% of workers who lost a formal job during the crisis move to the informal sector. We also find that if the formal sector wages were fully flexible, the decline in formal employment would be in the range of 1.5–4.5%—much lower than 16% decline that we observe in the data

Localization of the atrial natriuretic factor in the human inferior turbinates. An immunohistochemical study

In man, the architecture of the turbinates is able to modify some of the physiochemical characteristics of the air inhaled. These modifications depend on the nervous system and on the action of neurotransmitters such as vasoactive intestinal peptide. Substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide and other neuropeptides. As atrial natriuretic factor has been detected in the trachea and lung, the present immunohistochemical study was carried out to establish the presence and localisation of the atrial natriuretic factor on the inferior turbinates of the human being. The findings show atrial natriuretic factor to be present in the serous epithelial cells and in some cells of the tonaca propria near the sinusoids and the arteriovenous shunts and the acinar cells of the glands. Atrial natriuretic factor, therefore, could play a part in the stratification of mucus on the luminal surface and also regulate the blood flow of the capillaries, modifying, in this way, the physiochemical features of the air inhaled

Does immigration affect public education expenditures? Quasi-experimental evidence

This paper studies the impact of immigration on public education expenditures in EU-15 countries. Identification comes from the use of the 1990s Balkan wars (in Bosnia and Kosovo) as a source of exogenous variation in immigrant inflows to mitigate a possible Tiebout-type bias from endogenous mobility. An increase in foreign population is found to have a small negative effect on public education expenditures. The elasticity of education spending with respect to immigrant population share is -15. The negative relationship between immigration and public spending on education is consistent with the empirical literature showing evidence on low levels of public good provision in heterogeneous and ethnic diverse societies. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Immigration policies in the EU: Challenges and priorities

This paper discusses challenges and priorities for the EU immigration policy. In particular, it focuses on two key arguments in the current public debate. First, the introduction of the "Blue Card", which is a work visa aimed to make the EU more attractive to skilled immigrants. Second, the immigration policy tools that have been adopted by European governments to deal with undocumented immigration.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Are educational policies elitist?

International audienceThis paper analyses the link between public education expenditure and human capital inequality. I build a model of human capital formation where government intervention in education is justified by the existence of credit constraints. The framework provides conditions on the level of economic development and income inequality under which the educational policies are elitist, that is, they increase the spread between the educational achievement of bright and less bright individuals. With the use of the measures of educational inequality constructed for both developed and developing countries by Castello and Doménech, I also present descriptive evidence that provides some support to the model's predictions

Migration and Educational Policies

International audienc

Essays on the economics of education and migration

This thesis consists of three essays on the economics of education and migration. The first essay analyzes the effects of remittances on public education spending in migrants’ source countries. The second essay studies the impact of migration on public education expenditures in migrants’ destination countries. The third essay investigates the effects of public education expenditures on subsequent human capital inequality.Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Migration and Educational Policies

? F22, F24, H52, J24, J61.migration, remittances, public spending on education, free riding, credit constraints

Immigration policies in the EU : challenges and priorities

: J61, J68EU immigration policy, Blue Card, undocumented immigration