Reasonable Planning of King County's E-bus Replacement Plan

With the increasingly intensified global warming severe air pollutions, governments all over the world have begun or is right now looking for ways to fix the problem. Among all the solutions, sustainable urban transportation system is what many governments pay attention to because of their apparent contribution to the reduction in greenhouse gases emissions and pollutants. In this passage, we focus on the exact ecology impacts the promotion of e-buses will cause. On the other hand, the potential financial burdens the transitioning processes will bring are perceived by us in order to make a decent plan for the government to implement.For the first part of constructing the model to measure the ecology impact of transition in one area, we start with the identification of King County as a metropolitan area suitable for prediction. Then we collect information and data of its local bus fleet and e-bus transitioning plan, find out the exact number of each type of buses (diesel, hybrid and electric) around these years and the emissions of corresponding buses. We use both ARIMA and Least Squares Regression to predict the number these buses in the future until the year the local government aim to complete the plan but choose the result displayed by the better one. In this case, we obtain the data for emission of carbon dioxide, oxynitride and PM10 in each year and evaluate the ecological impact. At the same time, we predict the data for the emissions later if the bus fleet keep the same and observed over 90% of decline when we compare the value after transition to the control group.Afterwards, to estimate the financial cost, we identify the main parts involved in the processes of transitioning, classify them with one group of cost for long-term and the other for short-term---that is, changed as the plan is gradually implemented. We build models for each factor we identified and use Riemann Sum to unify the long-term and short-term costs. Based on the data we predict in problem one and from the local government’s website, we easily gain the financial implications of for about 50 million dollars in King County. Through the analysis of the government’s grant in other area, we roughly verify that 50 million dollars would be an acceptable cost.Finally, in our 10-year roadmap development, we explored further into the population distribution of King County and the existing traits for public transportation. Our starting point in this article is to classify the urban pattern into four types of bus operation routes, and then define the passenger flow from high to low. At the same time, we define the total number of vehicles that need to be replaced for different types to develop transportation replacement plans. Based on our assumptions, calculate the carrying capacity of each type of bus in line with the passenger flow. Eventually, it can be proven that the total carrying capacity of the bus meets the transportation needs of all King counties. Then apply to other regions

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) Science White Paper

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) project is a new generation multi-component instrument, to be built at 4410 meters of altitude in the Sichuan province of China, with the aim to study with unprecedented sensitivity the spec trum, the composition and the anisotropy of cosmic rays in the energy range between 10$^{12}$ and 10$^{18}$ eV, as well as to act simultaneously as a wide aperture (one stereoradiant), continuously-operated gamma ray telescope in the energy range between 10$^{11}$ and $10^{15}$ eV. The experiment will be able of continuously surveying the TeV sky for steady and transient sources from 100 GeV to 1 PeV, t hus opening for the first time the 100-1000 TeV range to the direct observations of the high energy cosmic ray sources. In addition, the different observables (electronic, muonic and Cherenkov/fluorescence components) that will be measured in LHAASO will allow to investigate origin, acceleration and propagation of the radiation through a measurement of energy spec trum, elemental composition and anisotropy with unprecedented resolution. The remarkable sensitivity of LHAASO in cosmic rays physics and gamma astronomy would play a key-role in the comprehensive general program to explore the High Energy Universe. LHAASO will allow important studies of fundamental physics (such as indirect dark matter search, Lorentz invariance violation, quantum gravity) and solar and heliospheric physics. In this document we introduce the concept of LHAASO and the main science goals, providing an overview of the project.Comment: This document is a collaborative effort, 185 pages, 110 figure

Superconducting tunnel junctions with layered superconductors

Abstract The superconducting tunneling effect in heterostructures, describing the process where single electrons or Cooper pairs tunnel through the barrier, can always play a significant role in understanding the phase coherence and pairing mechanisms in superconductors. Taking advantage of the easy cleavage to atomically-thin monolayer structure of layered superconductors and resulting quantum confinement of electrons or Cooper pairs at two-dimensional limit, van der Waals superconducting materials hosting superconducting order in monolayers or heterostructures can exhibit extensive emergent phenomena associated with quantum phase transitions of vortex and anti-vortex pairs. Examples of superconducting tunnel junctions (STJs) based on layered superconductors have been demonstrated to achieve novel phenomena, including Andreev bound states, Majorana bound states and 0/π-phase junctions. Since the characteristic parameters of quasiparticle tunneling through the barrier are directly associated with the energy gap values of superconductors, such critical parameter can be obtained within the STJ device geometry, which helps us understand and control the pairing states and emerging phenomena in superconductors. In this review, from the perspective of STJs with single electron tunneling and Cooper pair tunneling, we discuss Andreev reflection, Majorana bound states, photon-induced tunneling effects, non-reciprocal transport and superconducting diode phenomena, as well as prospects for layered-superconductor-based STJs

Research on application of power Internet of Things technology in leakage fault diagnosis of rural power grid

The accuracy and efficiency of current leakage fault diagnosis methods in rural areas are low. In view of this defect, a rural power leakage diagnosis system based on narrowband Internet of Things is studied and designed. Aiming at the defect that the magnetic modulation sensor with single magnetic core structure is prone to zero drift and temperature drift, which increases the measurement error, a magnetic modulation sensor with double magnetic core structure is proposed. Aiming at the problem that the output voltage waveform of the sensor in the square wave excitation scheme is not ideal and the calculation is complex, a half-wave excitation scheme is proposed to make the output voltage waveform of the sensor more ideal and reduce the calculation complexity. The experimental results show that the diagnostic accuracy of the leakage diagnosis system of rural power grid designed according to the research has reached 95%. To sum up, the rural power grid leakage diagnosis system can effectively improve the diagnosis accuracy of power grid leakage, and provide guarantee for rural people’s livelihood and economic development

Interfacial Polarization Control Engineering and Ferroelectric PZT/Graphene Heterostructure Integrated Application

Integration and miniaturization are the inevitable trends in the development of electronic devices. PZT and graphene are typical ferroelectric and carbon-based materials, respectively, which have been widely used in various fields. Achieving high-quality PZT/graphene heterogeneous integration and systematically studying its electrical properties is of great significance. In this work, we reported the characterization of a PZT film based on the sol–gel method. Additionally, the thickness of the PZT film was pushed to the limit size (~100 nm) by optimizing the process. The test results, including the remnant and leakage current, show that the PZT film is a reliable and suitable platform for further graphene-integrated applications. The non-destructive regulation of the electrical properties of graphene has been studied based on a domain-polarized substrate and strain-polarized substrate. The domain structures in the PZT film exhibit different geometric structures with ~0.3 V surface potential. The I–V output curves of graphene integrated on the surface of the PZT film exhibited obvious rectification characteristics because of p/n-doping tuned by an interfacial polarized electric field. In contrast, a ~100 nm thick PZT film makes it easy to acquire a larger strain gradient for flexural potential. The tested results also show a rectification phenomenon, which is similar to domain polarization substrate regulation. Considering the difficulty of measuring the flexural potential, the work might provide a new approach to assessing the flexural polarized regulation effect. A thinner ferroelectric film/graphene heterojunction and the polarized regulation of graphene will provide a platform for promoting low-dimension film-integrated applications

Analysis of Option Butterfly Portfolio Models Based on Nonparametric Estimation Deep Learning Method

The option butterfly portfolio is the commonly option arbitrage strategy. In reality, because the distribution of the option state price density (SPD) function is not normal and unknown, so the nonparametric deep learning methods to estimate option butterfly portfolio returns are proposed. This paper constructs the single-index nonparametric option pricing model which contains multiple influencing factors and presents the nonparametric estimation form for option butterfly portfolio returns. The empirical analysis shows that the SPD function estimated by using single-index nonparametric option model can effectively calculate the option butterfly portfolio returns with the minimum option strike price interval and provide an effective reference tool for risk-averse investors with limited risk preferences

Controlling Exchange Interactions and Emergent Magnetic Phenomena in Layered 3d‐Orbital Ferromagnets

Abstract Layered 3d‐orbital ferromagnet is an ideal research platform to experimentally achieve intrinsic 2D ferromagnetism and theoretically study the quantum nature of magnetic exchange interactions therein. A variety of magnetic phases can emerge from the strongly correlated feature of 3d‐orbital electrons, in which their exchange interactions can be effectively modulated by various kinds of external stimuli. Therefore, controlling the emergent magnetic phenomena of layered 3d‐orbital ferromagnets is significant in both fundamental science and practical applications. Considering the roles of magnetic exchange interactions, this review summarizes recent progress in controlling the emergent magnetic properties of layered 3d‐orbital ferromagnets by systematically introducing modulation methods, underlying mechanisms, and device applications. The existing challenges and future prospects for this research field are also outlined, shedding light on finding optimized magnetic materials, exploring powerful modulation techniques, and designing multifunctional new concept devices

Discourse-based psychological intervention alleviates perioperative anxiety in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in China: a retrospective propensity score matching analysis

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of a discourse-based psychological intervention on perioperative anxiety, pain and life satisfaction of patients with AIS. Methods Between April 2018 and February 2021, 116 consecutive patients with AIS undergoing corrective surgery were enrolled in this study, including 51 with personalized psychological intervention (intervention group, IG) and 65 without (control group, CG). After propensity score matching (PSM), patient characteristics, perioperative scores of anxiety and life satisfaction, measured by values of Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale (GAD-7) and Life Satisfaction Index Z scale (LSIZ), were recorded. Mixed linear models were used to estimate the influence of intervention group and time of measurement, as well as their interactions, in anxiety and life satisfaction. Data on post-surgical pain in both groups was also collected and analyzed. Results After PSM, a total of 90 patients (IG, n = 45; CG, n = 45) were enrolled in this study, and the 2 groups were comparable in patients’ demographic and baseline characteristics. There were no pre-intervention between-group differences in the degree of anxiety (IG: 3.98 ± 3.27 vs. CG: 3.93 ± 3.20, p = .948, Cohen’s d = 0.015), and life satisfaction (IG: 6.56 ± 1.70 vs. CG: 6.67 ± 2.09, p = .783, Cohen’s d = -0.058). After surgery, participants in both IG and CG showed improved the levels of anxiety (GAD-7: IG 2.18 ± 1.21; CG 2.87 ± 2.00) and life satisfaction (LSIZ: IG 9.84 ± 2.09; CG 9.02 ± 2.15). A stratified analysis of patients with generalized anxiety disorder showed improved anxiety (GAD-7: IG 3.50 ± 1.22 vs. CG 6.80 ± 2.05, p = .017, Cohen’s d = -1.956) and lower pain level (VAS: IG 4.50 ± 1.76 vs. CG 7.00 ± 1.00, p = .017, Cohen’s d = -1.747) in the IG than the CG after surgery. Conclusions Discourse-based psychological intervention before surgery can improve perioperative anxiety and life satisfaction, and postoperative painful condition, especially for patients with high-leveled pre-surgical anxiety