Hypoglycemic effects of Berberis aristata and Tamarindus indica extracts in vitro

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the hypoglycemic potential of Berberis aristata and Tamarindus indica using various in vitro techniques.MethodsThe selected plant extracts were studied for their effects on glucose adsorption capacity, in vitro glucose diffusion, in vitro amylolysis kinetics and glucose transport across the yeast cells.ResultsIt was observed that both the plant extracts adsorbed glucose and the adsorption of glucose increased remarkably with an increase in glucose concentration. No significant (p⩽0.05) differences were observed between the adsorption capacities of B. aristata and T. indica. The results of amylolysis kinetic experimental model exhibited that the rate of glucose diffusion was increased with time from 30 to 180min and both the plant extracts demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on movement of glucose into external solution across dialysis membrane as compared to control. It was observed that the plant extracts also promoted glucose uptake by the yeast cells. Enhancement of glucose uptake was dependent on both the sample and glucose concentration. B. aristata extract exhibited significantly higher (p⩽0.05) activity than the extract of T. indica at all concentrations.ConclusionThe results of the study verified the hypoglycemic activity of the extracts of B. aristata and T. indica. However, the observed effects need to be confirmed using different in vivo models and clinical trials for their effective utilization as therapeutic agents

Analysis of Readiness to Use the Metaverse Platform in Learning Activities

Metaverse technology is one of the many technological breakthroughs in education, notably in the teaching and learning process in the classroom, especially since the COVID-19 epidemic. This study aims to investigate, model, and assess the potential adoption of metaverse technology from the viewpoint of BINUS University students. The study methodology that is employed is quantitative descriptive analysis. This research used Mozilla Hub's SPOKE to create the classroom simulation. Students are asked to use a laptop web browser and a Virtual Reality (VR) headset to replicate two scenarios from the metaverse realm. The variables used are comfort, convenience, compatibility, interest, and efficacy. The findings of this research indicate that a more significant number of participants, as much as 80% than fewer respondents (20%) were interested in employing VR (the Metaverse) for online teaching and learning using headsets. The novelty in this research is that academics can find out student behavior that they prefer to study using a VR headset compared to a regular laptop by opening a web browser. This can be a special note that the use of VR headsets in learning can increase interest in learning so that it is more effective in providing teaching material. Future work for this study is the application of this metaverse technology, which still requires work and development, as it still necessitates careful planning and consideration of a few factors, including security, infrastructure availability, and user comfort. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-06-016 Full Text: PD

In vitro hypoglycemic effects of unripe and ripe fruits of Musa sapientum

The present study was undertaken to verify the hypoglycemic potential of unripe and ripe fruit extracts of Musa sapientum by using various in-vitro techniques, namely glucose adsorption capacity, glucose diffusion, amylolysis kinetics and glucose transport across the yeast cells. The results revealed that the unripe and ripe fruit extracts of Musa sapientum adsorbed glucose and the adsorption of glucose increased remarkably with an increase in glucose concentration. There were no significant (p≤0.05) differences between their adsorption capacities. In the amylolysis kinetic experimental model the rate of glucose diffusion was found to be increased with time from 30 to 180 min and both extracts exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the movement of glucose into external solution across the dialysis membrane as compared to control. The plant extracts also promoted glucose uptake by the yeast cells and enhancement of glucose uptake was dependent on both the sample and glucose concentration. The hypoglycemic effect exhibited by the extracts was observed to be mediated by inhibiting α-amylase, inhibiting glucose diffusion by adsorbing glucose and by increasing glucose transport across the cell membranes as revealed by an in-vitro model of yeast cells

COMPARATIVE STANDARDIZATION OF MARKETED FORMULATIONS OF FERMENTED BIOMEDICINE – ARJUNARISTHA

Ayurvedic formulations have proved to be effective in the prevention and treatment of many life-threatening diseases. Asavas and Arishtas have been used as medicine for over 3000 years as appetizer and stimulant. In the present study 6 different marketed brands (Two having different batches) of Arjunarishta were thoroughly evaluated for their organoleptic characteristics and physicochemical parameters, to establish a routine procedure for standardization of these Ayurvedic formulations. The organoleptic tests performed include colour, odour and taste whereas the physicochemical parameters evaluated were pH, Refractive index, Specific gravity, Viscosity, density, surface tension, Water-soluble extractive, Alcohol-soluble extractive Acid value, Alcohol content, by distillation and  dichromate oxidation method, Total solid content, Total phenol content, In present communication, a TLC method was developed for the evaluation of Arjunarishta  by quantitative estimation of major compound gallic acid and ellagic acid

Cribado de la actividad hipoglucémica in vitro de Murraya koenigii y Catharanthus roseu

Objective: The study aimed to verify the hypoglycemic effect of Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) and Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) by using various in-vitro techniques. Method: The extracts were studied for their effects on glucose adsorption capacity, in-vitro glucose diffusion, in-vitro amylolysis kinetics and glucose transport across the yeast cells. Results: It was observed that the extracts of M. koenigii and C. roseus adsorbed glucose and the adsorption of glucose increased remarkably with an increase in glucose concentration. There were no significant (p≤0.05) differences between their adsorption capacities. In the amylolysis kinetic experimental model the rate of glucose diffusion was found to be increased with time from 30 to 180 min and both the plant extracts exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the movement of glucose into external solution across the dialysis membrane as compared to control. The extracts also promoted glucose uptake by the yeast cells and the enhancement of glucose uptake was dependent on both the sample and glucose concentration. The extract of M. koenigii exhibited significantly higher (p≤0.05) activity than the extract of C. roseus at all concentrations used in the study. Our report suggests the mechanism(s) for the hypoglycemic effect of M. koenigii and C. roseus. Conclusion: The said effect was observed to be mediated by inhibiting alpha amylase, inhibiting glucose diffusion by adsorbing glucose and by increasing glucose transport across the cell membranes as revealed by in-vitro model of yeast cells. However, these effects need to be affirmed by using different in vivo models and clinical trials.Objetivo: El estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar el efecto hipoglucémico de Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) y Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) mediante el uso de diversas técnicas in vitro. Método: Los extractos se estudiaron por sus efectos sobre la capacidad de adsorción de glucosa, la difusión de glucosa in vitro, la cinética de amilolisis in vitro y el transporte de glucosa a través de las células de levadura. Resultados: se observó que los extractos de M. koenigii y C. roseus adsorbieron glucosa y la adsorción de glucosa aumentó notablemente con un aumento en la concentración de glucosa. No hubo diferencias significativas (p≤0.05) entre sus capacidades de adsorción. En el modelo experimental cinético de amilolisis, se encontró que la velocidad de difusión de glucosa aumentaba con el tiempo de 30 a 180 min y ambos extractos de planta exhibían efectos inhibitorios significativos sobre el movimiento de la glucosa hacia la solución externa a través de la membrana de diálisis en comparación con el control. Los extractos también promovieron la absorción de glucosa por las células de levadura y la mejora de la captación de glucosa dependió tanto de la muestra como de la concentración de glucosa. El extracto de M. koenigii exhibió una actividad significativamente mayor (p≤0.05) que el extracto de C. roseus en todas las concentraciones utilizadas en el estudio. Nuestro informe sugiere el mecanismo (s) para el efecto hipoglucemiante de M. koenigii y C. roseus. Conclusión: Se observó que dicho efecto estaba mediado por la inhibición de la alfa amilasa, la inhibición de la difusión de glucosa por la adsorción de glucosa y el aumento del transporte de glucosa a través de las membranas celulares según lo revelado por el modelo in vitro de células de levadura. Sin embargo, estos efectos deben ser afirmados mediante el uso de diferentes modelos in vivo y ensayos clínicos

Contextual Design of Intelligent Food Carrier in Refrigerator: An Indian Perspective

Part 3: Specific ContextsInternational audienceRefrigerators are used to store food items mainly in food carriers such as plastic boxes, trays or bags. This research paper is focused on Contextual Inquiry (CI) of refrigerators and related contextual design of egg tray. To understand user perspectives about refrigerators, food items, food carriers and related problems, a CI is conducted with 19 home users from 12 households. The CI has provided vital insights into several major aspects of refrigerators, their usage and user interaction. For example, the maximum weight of a food item stored in refrigerator is about 2 Kg. The selected food carrier for implementation is an egg tray. Such intelligent tray is a specially designed food carrier using a load cell for sensing a weight of eggs stored on it. Thus, a contextual design of egg tray helps in providing information about number of eggs stored on a egg tray. In future, this research work will be extended to other food carriers and related mobile App

Usability Model for Medical User Interface of Ventilator System in Intensive Care Unit

Part 2: Interactions, Models and ApproachesInternational audienceA usability model is a hierarchical structure encompassing the key elements such as users, user interface and interaction between them. It is a generic template which is independent of usability evaluation methods and provides flexibility for adaptation in different contexts and domains. In this paper, a usability model for medical user interfaces, especially for ventilator systems in Intensive Care Unit (ICU), is proposed based on Norman’s action-oriented seven-step model to capture a related medical context. A ventilator system is a therapeutic device, which provides a respiratory support to critically-ill patients. Currently, a usability of user interfaces of ventilator systems is evaluated by typical usability evaluation methods from software industry. These evaluation methods miss out important elements in medical context. Therefore, a need for a specialized usability model for medical user interfaces is fulfilled with a proposed usability model encompassing vital elements such as medical user, user interface, ICU environment and time required. This usability model is validated first, through a human work analysis using videos of selected tasks with medical user interfaces and then, with an overview of critical factors affecting medical user interfaces in ICU. In future, a proposed usability model can be integrated with a suitable usability evaluation method for evaluating medical user interfaces to identify related medical usability problems more effectively

Mood-Based Song Recommendation System

Part 3: Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Human WorkInternational audienceA study of existing music systems showed that many music applications fail to recommend songs based on emotion; instead, they use the user’s history to recommend songs. The objective of this research work is to extract emotions from real-time input of the human face and suggest Bollywood songs based on the detected emotion and other factors. According to the results of the survey taken for this research work, users tend to listen to songs considering factors, genres, era, singer, time of the day, and activity. The requirements for the proposed system were the preparation of the dataset and finding relationships between different factors considered for the research work. The proposed system includes identification of emotion from the human face and song filtration based on the algorithm developed using the factors considered. Thus, the proposed system is an interactive mood-based songs recommendation system that considers the current emotion of the user along with vital factors related to songs and user preferences for these factors while recommending songs. In future, this song recommendation system can be improved by adding a bigger dataset of Bollywood and regional songs in major Indian languages