Antecedents and consequences of employees’ adjustment to overseas assignment: a meta‐analytic review

Research on the antecedents and consequences of expatriate adjustment was reviewed using meta-analytic methods. The antecedents and outcomes of three facets of adjustment were examined. Self-efficacy, frequency of interaction with host nationals, and family support consistently predicted all three types of adjustment. In addition, better interpersonal skills were associated with greater adjustment to general environment. Greater cultural novelty was associated with less interactional adjustment. Role conflict, ambiguity, and discretion were also strong predictors of work adjustment. A structural equations model that illustrated causal relationships involving expatriate adjustment and outcomes of job strain, job satisfaction, organisational citizenship, intent to turnover, and job performance generated a good fit with the data

Individual and contextual influences on the affective commitment of retail salespeople

Salesperson characteristics as well as managerial approaches have been found to play an important role in the development of positive attitudes by salespersons towards an organisation. This study integrates these two research areas to investigate the personal and contextual antecedents of affective organisational commitment of retail salespeople. Fit theory and the literature on person-situation interaction provide the theoretical basis for explaining how salesperson selling skills, job liking and empowerment individually and jointly influence affective commitment. A multilevel modelling approach is used to analyse data from 105 sales managers and 419 salespeople. Findings reveal that salespersons&rsquo; affective commitment is influenced by their selling skills, degree of job liking, tenure and empowerment. The results also indicate that the impact of selling skills on affective commitment is higher when empowerment is high. Based on the study&rsquo;s findings, implications for managing salespeople as well as limitations and suggestions for future research are offered.</p