Peeping through heart′s window: A case report of Fallots tetralogy

Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect. A combination of four abnormalities in heart allow oxygen rich and oxygen-depleted blood to mix. The resulting low-oxygen blood then circulates through the body. A child with the condition tends to develop slowly, eat poorly and grow slowly and may experience "blue" spells on crying and dyspnea on exertion. A 12 year old child with this congenital heart defect and cleft palate with cleft lip is discussed. Details of the latest diagnostic and treatment procedures are also presented

Bilateral Dentigerous Cyst: An Unusual Case Report and Review of Literature

Dentigerous cysts are the most common developmental cysts of the jaws, most frequently associated with impacted mandibular third molar teeth. Bilateral dentigerous cysts are rare and occur typically in association with a developmental syndrome. The reported occurrence of bilateral dentigerous cysts in the absence of a syndrome is rare and, to date, only 17 cases have been described. The following is a report of a case of unusual bilateral nonsyndromic dentigerous cysts associated with developing mandibular second premolars and a review of literature

Comparison Between Conventional Radiography and 3D Volumetric Imaging for Location of Mandibular Canal: In Vivo Study

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the visibility and location of mandibular canal in the mandibular posteriors using orthopantomography and digitalized volumetric tomography. Material and Methods: Twenty-five patients were included in the study with mandibular posterior edentulous areas, where visibility and location of mandibular canal was assessed using orthopantomography and digitalized volumetric tomography. Both parameters were assessed at the mental foramen, at 1 cm, 2 cm, and 3 cm posterior to mental foramen. Results: The results obtained showed that the mandibular canal was more clearly visible at the mental foramen at 1 cm and 2 cm posterior to the mental foramen using digitalized volumetric tomography, which was statistically significant (P = 0.000). At 3 cm posterior to the mental foramen the visibility of the mandibular canal did not differ among the techniques (P = 0.297). The location of the mandibular canal was obtained in superoinferior dimension in orthopantomography and superoinferior and buccolingual dimension was measured in digitalized volumetric tomography where the mandibular canal was located more inferiorly and lingually in mandible. Conclusion: Digitalized volumetric tomography ( DVT) is advantageous than orthopantomography (OPG) for visibility and location of mandibular canal. The precise location of the mandibular would help in planning for implant placement and other interventions in mandibular posteriors

Bilateral Transmigration of Impacted Mandibular Canines - A Rare Case Report

Pre-eruptive migration of a tooth across the midline is termed "transmigration". This condition occurs with mandibular canines only. In this article, a rare case of bilateral transmigration of mandibular canines along with horizontally impacted maxillary canines is discussed

Comparison between conventional radiograph and 3D volumetric radiograph for determining the morphology and morphometry of mental foramen

Objective: Mental foramen is a vital anatomical structure in human mandible as they are important for dental surgeons for extraction, implant placement, osteotomy procedures, anesthetists in nerve block, and surgical procedures to avoid injury to neurovascular bundle in mental foramen area. The aim of this study was to compare the position, shape, size, and distinctness of mental foramen using orthopantomogram (OPG) and digitalized volumetric tomography (DVT). Materials and Method: This study was conducted on 25 individuals for both the genders. Position, shape, size, and distinctness of mental foramen were compared using OPG and DVT and were evaluated by Expert three-dimensional (3D) software in DVT and Annotation software in OPG. Results: Mental foramen was found to be on the vicinity of the second premolar region with respect to apices of premolars and molars and was more common in the middle third region of the jaw bone with respect to superoinferior cortex of the mandible in vertical plane. There was no significant difference in the position of the mental foramen using OPG and DVT. The commonest shape of mental foramen was found to be oval and was better defined in DVT. The size of the mental foramen was observed to be 0.49 ± 0.05 and 0.51 ± 0.06 cm in OPG and DVT, respectively, and more distinctly visible in DVT. There was no significant difference in the position, shape, size, and distinctness of the mental foramen among genders. Conclusion: Conventional radiography can be initially done for the position of the mental foramen but the details must be confirmed using 3D volumetric radiography to avoid any kind of procedural complications

"Dentigerous Cyst - Report of two unusual cases"

The dentigerous cyst is the second most common type of odontogenic cyst. Dentigerous cyst originates after the crown of tooth has been completely fonned, by accumulation of fluid between reduced enamel epithelium and tooth 1 crown. The cyst is always associated initially with the crown of impacted, embedded or unerupted tooth. The most common sites are mandibular and maxillary third molars and maxillary canine." In this article two cases of dentigerous cysts involving maxilla with unusual presentations are discussed