26 research outputs found
Performance of a reciprocity model in predicting a positive reciprocity decision
This economic experiment initiates in evaluating a model's performance in predicting a decision. The reciprocity model is measured its accuracy rate in prediction and informativeness as aspects of the model's performance. Seventy-nine undergraduate students voluntarily joined the experiment. They made decisions contingently in designed situations as the first player in a dictator game and all roles in trust-share games. The study controls effects of choice set (equal split, competitive, and different social welfare choices) and framing effect. The result shows that the model has high performance in both prediction and informative. Furthermore, it shows an existence of the loss aversion behavior, and a significant relationship between decisions in the dictator game and the trustshare games. The study suggests that the more complicated model may not be marginally useful in predicting decision in the positive reciprocity situations
Performance of a reciprocity model in predicting a positive reciprocity decision
This economic experiment initiates in evaluating a model's performance in predicting a decision. The reciprocity model is measured its accuracy rate in prediction and informativeness as aspects of the model's performance. Seventy-nine undergraduate students voluntarily joined the experiment. They made decisions contingently in designed situations as the first player in a dictator game and all roles in trust-share games. The study controls effects of choice set (equal split, competitive, and different social welfare choices) and framing effect. The result shows that the model has high performance in both prediction and informative. Furthermore, it shows an existence of the loss aversion behavior, and a significant relationship between decisions in the dictator game and the trustshare games. The study suggests that the more complicated model may not be marginally useful in predicting decision in the positive reciprocity situations
Cost of action, perceived intention, positive reciprocity, and signalling model
This study experimentally tests the positive relationship between perceived intention and positive reciprocity by altering material-payoff structures. To design the treatments, we apply a signalling model to explain how the intention of an action is signalled and perceived. The model shows that the cost of an action positively relates to the perceived intention. The results from seventy-nine subjects who participated in this four-session hand-run experiment that was double-blindly organized between August - September 2011 support the positive relationship. Moreover, this study hypothesizes on consistent decisions across treatments with different levels of perceived intention, and the results support the hypotheses
Cost of action, perceived intention, positive reciprocity, and signalling model
This economic experiment tests the positive relationship between perceived intention and positive reciprocity by altering material-payoff structures in treatments, or material-payoff approach. To design the treatments, this study applies a signalling model to explain how the intention of an action is signalled and perceived. As a result from the model, cost of an action positively relates to the perceived intention. The results from seventy-nine subjects who participated in this four-session hand-run experiment that was double-blindly organized between August - September 2011 support the relationship. Moreover, this study hypothesizes on consistent decisions across treatments with different levels of perceived intention, and the results support the hypotheses. The insight into sacrificing and rewarding is the significant implication in this study
Practically Implementable Auction for a Good with Countervailing Positive Externalities
This study theoretically presents a new auction design called "take-or-give auction." Unlike in basic auction, the take-or-give auction imposes new rules which the bidders compete for their desired allocation of the object. The auction solves the free-rider problem when applied to an object with countervailing-positive externalities. It is efficient. Moreover, by adding more rules including entry-fee rule, no sale condition and pooling rule, the extended take-or-give auction is the revenue-maximizing auction
Performance of a reciprocity model in predicting a positive reciprocity decision
This study experimentally tests the performance in predicting decisions of a reciprocity model that was proposed by Dufwenberg et al. (2004). By applying a new approach, the study directly and individually predicts a subject's future decision from his past decision. The prediction performance is measured by the rate of correct predictions (accuracy) and the gain in the rate of the correct predictions (informativeness). Six scenarios of trust game are used to test the model's performance. Further, we compare the performance of the model with two other prediction methods; one method uses a decision in a dictator game to predict a decision in a trust game; the other uses personal information including IQ-test scores, personal attitudes and socio-economic factors. Seventy-nine undergraduate students participated in this hand-run experimental study. The results show that the reciprocity model has the best performance when compared with other prediction methods
The Type II Superluminous SN 2008es at Late Times: Near-Infrared Excess and Circumstellar Interaction
SN 2008es is one of the rare cases of a Type II superluminous supernova
(SLSN) showing no relatively narrow features in its early-time spectra, and
therefore its powering mechanism is under debate between circumstellar
interaction (CSI) and magnetar spin-down. Late-time data are required for
better constraints. We present optical and near-infrared (NIR) photometry
obtained from Gemini, Keck, and Palomar Observatories from 192 to 554 days
after explosion. Only broad H emission is detected in a Gemini spectrum
at 288 days. The line profile exhibits red-wing attenuation relative to the
early-time spectrum. In addition to the cooling SN photosphere, a NIR excess
with blackbody temperature K and radius cm is
observed. This evidence supports dust condensation in the cool dense shell
being responsible for the spectral evolution and NIR excess. We favour CSI,
with --3 of circumstellar material (CSM) and
10--20 of ejecta, as the powering mechanism, which
still dominates at our late-time epochs. Both models of uniform density and
steady wind fit the data equally well, with an effective CSM radius cm, supporting the efficient conversion of shock energy to radiation
by CSI. A low amount ( ) of Ni is
possible but cannot be verified yet, since the light curve is dominated by CSI.
The magnetar spin-down powering mechanism cannot be ruled out, but is less
favoured because it overpredicts the late-time fluxes and may be inconsistent
with the presence of dust
One thousand days of SN 2015bn: HST imaging shows a light curve flattening consistent with magnetar predictions
We present the first observations of a Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN)
at days after maximum light. We observed SN 2015bn using the
Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys in the F475W, F625W and
F775W filters at 721 days and 1068 days. SN 2015bn is clearly detected and
resolved from its compact host, allowing reliable photometry. A galaxy template
constructed from these data further enables us to isolate the SLSN flux in deep
ground-based imaging. We measure a light curve decline rate at days of
mag (100 d), much shallower than the earlier evolution,
and slower than previous SLSNe (at any phase) or the decay rate of Co.
Neither additional radioactive isotopes nor a light echo can consistently
account for the slow decline. A spectrum at 1083 days shows the same [O I] and
[Ca II] lines as seen at days, with no new features to indicate
strong circumstellar interaction. Radio limits with the Very Large Array rule
out an extended wind for mass-loss rates M yr (where is the wind velocity in
units of 10 km s). The optical light curve is consistent with , which we show is expected for magnetar spin-down with inefficient
trapping; furthermore, the evolution matches predictions from earlier magnetar
model fits. The opacity to magnetar radiation is constrained at
cm g, consistent with photon-matter pair-production over a broad
GeV-TeV range. This suggests the magnetar spectral energy distribution,
and hence the 'missing energy' leaking from the ejecta, may peak in this range.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJL, updated to match accepted versio