Breus’ mole/chorangiosis/chorangioma of the placenta: a dilemma with a rare fetal outcome report

Massive Subchorionic Thrombohematoma (MST) is a rare condition in which there is a massive collection of blood between the placental membranes and uterine wall separating the villous chorionic plate from villous chorion. It is relatively rare and is poorly understood. Many theories have been proposed to explain the etiology of Breus mole; some suggest it is a fetal haemorrhage, while others claim it has a maternal-origin thrombosis of placental vessels. A 30-year-old healthy Indian pregnant woman was presented at Max Hospital, Shalimar Bagh Delhi, India, during her second pregnancy with a complaint of fever. On routine level-2 ultrasonography (USG) done at 18.6 weeks of gestation showed thick placenta. No fetal tumours or any other anomalies were noted on that scan which was followed by a detailed scan which confirmed a solitary mass arising from fetal side 103x64x82 mm S/O chorioangioma. Serial growth and doppler USG were conducted to monitor placental function, tumor characteristics and future anatomy. The subject received steroids to enhance fetal lungs maturation at Week 30, iron/calcium supplements, Ecosprin tablets, and progesterone support. At 32.5 weeks, the subject developed deranged sugars followed by gestational hypertension at 34.1 weeks. Ultrasonography also showed fetal growth restriction with large chorioangioma. The subject underwent a successful elective caesarean section at 34.4 weeks. On placental examination, 10 cm large mass encasing ¾ of the placenta was identified as a large subchorionic hematoma/chorioangioma (800 g). This study concludes that early identification of a large chorangioma aids in consequent fetal surveillance, management of maternal symptoms, and delivery planning discussions even if the pathological diagnosis turns out to be Breus’ mole with underlying chorangiosis postnatally

Persistent müllerian duct syndrome

Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare form of male pseudohermaphroditism characterized by the presence of the Mόllerian duct structures in an otherwise phenotypically as well as genotypically normal male. We report a case of 40-year-old cryptorchid male who was clinically diagnosed as seminoma in the undescended abdominal testis. A diagnosis of PMDS was made on histological evaluation subsequent to abdominal orchidectomy

Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus a green plague-Current status of available drug and new potential targets

Pigeonpea is one of the important legume crops with high protein content and nutritional traits. It has enormous potency for its widespread adoption by farming communities. It is affected by various kinds of biotic and abiotic stresses. In the context, of biotic stresses Sterility mosaic disease (SMD) is one of the severe diseases in pigeonpea which ultimately lead to the drastic yield loss. The virus belongs to the genus Emaravirus, family- Fimoviridae. SMD is associated with two diverse types of Emaravirus, Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus1 (PPSMV-1) and Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus 2 (PPSMV-2). It is transmitted by the mite (Aceria cajani), mainly environmental contributing to the feasibility for the mites for the inoculation of the virus. The SMD is mainly governed by two genes SV1 that includes the dominant allele and serves as an inhibitory action on the resistance of the SV2. Methods for identification of the virus include RT-PCR, DIBA and ELISA using alkaline phosphatase or penicillinase. To control SMV disease farmers generally adopted intercropping methods. There are few potential drugs have been identified for the administration of the disease such as 0.1% Fenazaquin, Dicofol, Imidacloripid, Carbosulfan; Spiromesifin includes the inhibition of the mite inoculation on the pigeonpea plant. The present review describes compressive and systematic insights on SMV protein targets and potential drugs that could be utilized as the presumed drug targets for the finding of true drugs against the SMD in pigeonpea