The Unmet Family Planning Needs: Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program

Introduction: Family planning is a method of thinking and a life style which is chosen voluntarily and according to the attitudes and responsible determination of the couples in order to promote hygiene and convenience of the family. A pre-experimental study was done on existing knowledge deficit regarding use of family planning methods among the women of eligible couples in selected Community Health Centre, Sunder Nagri under St. Stephen’s Hospital, Delhi, with objectives to assess the knowledge of women of eligible couples regarding the use of family planning methods, to plan and implement appropriate interventions to solve and reduce the problem, to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program and amount of knowledge gained after the intervention and to motivate the women of eligible couples to adopt small family norms. A semi-structured questionnaire tool was developed with the help of experts. The data collection tool selected for study was a structured interview schedule. The study was done on 30 women of reproductive age group, and purposive sampling method was used. Pre-test post-test was done. The study findings revealed that women in areas of Sunder Nagri had incomplete knowledge about the concept of family planning. The results showed that the concept of family planning was not well understood by women as only 33.3% women were aware of how much time gap is required for abortion, 56.6% were aware of time period of starting of oral contraceptive after lactation, only 26.6% were familiar with emergency contraceptive pills, 36.6% had knowledge on maximum durability CuT availability, only 16.6% were having clear concept on male sterilization; others were having myths, 40% were aware of side effects of CuT, 40% were aware of method of protection against STDs, 30% were aware of starting of oral pills on which day of cycle, 16.6% were knowing about administration of emergency contraceptive within 72 hours, 33.3% were aware about CuT replacement duration, 53.3% had knowledge on how to check CuT in place or not, 56.6% were aware of tubectomy, only 6.6% were aware of LAC in contraception, 46.6% knew about ideal gap which should be kept between two children, only 16.6% were aware of time taken for effectiveness after vasectomy, very few had misconception about contraceptive pills. The analysis was done using SPSS version 21 and T-test showed that there was an increase in knowledge of women after conducting the health teaching program, as the p-value was less than 0.005 level of significanc

The Effectiveness of Isometric Exercises on Pain Perception of Elderly with Osteoarthritis in Selected Old Age Homes

Introduction: India is likely to notice an endemic of osteoarthritis with about 80% of the 55 years and above population in the country suffering with wear and tear of joints. 40% of these people are likely to suffer from severe osteoarthritis, which will disable them from daily activities, say the experts quoting the World Health Organization (WHO). Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the effect of isometric exercise in elderly with osteoarthritis in a selected old age home in Delhi. Methods: A randomized control trial was conducted on 50 elderly (25 elderly in experimental group and 25 elderly in control group) aged 60 to 90 years. Nonprobability purposive sampling technique was used for selection of the sample. A structured interview schedule and Numerical Pain Rating Scale, were used for data collection and the data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Results revealed that the elderly with osteoarthritis in the experimental group had reduction in pain followed by isometric exercise compared to the elderly with osteoarthritis in the control group. Conclusion: Results confirmed that isometric exercise is an effective method of pain relief for elderly with osteoarthritis

Knowledge regarding Malnutrition and Its Prevention – A Study on Slum Dwelling Mothers

Introduction: A large proportion of under-five-year kids are suffering from malnutrition. A study was conducted to assess the knowledge of mothers regarding malnutrition and its prevention and evaluate effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding malnutrition and its prevention in terms of knowledge gain in mothers of under-five children attending a crèche run by an NGO in a slum area of New Delhi.Methodology: Quantitative research approach with one group pre-test, post-test design was used. Tool used for generating necessary data was a structured knowledge questionnaire, after establishing its validity and reliability. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 45 mothers having children under five years of age. The study was conducted at a crèche run by an NGO in a slum area of Delhi.Results: Before administration of the structured teaching program, 18 (40%) mothers had poor knowledge, 15 (33.3%) had average knowledge and 12 (26.7%) had good knowledge about malnutrition and its prevention, while after administration of structured teaching program, 12 (26.7%) had poor knowledge, 21 (46.7%) had average knowledge and 12 (26.7%) had good knowledge about malnutrition and its prevention indicating that the intervention was effective. There was significant relationship between knowledge gain and age, education and monthly family income of mothers. Conclusion: Finding of the study revealed that mothers having children under five years of age had poor knowledge about malnutrition and its prevention. The structured teaching program was an effective tool to enhance the knowledge of mothers

Visual Communication Board – Bridge for Communication between Patient and Nurse

Nurses as healthcare professionals focus on serving needs of humanity. Nurses face difficulty while communicating and giving care to patients with impaired communication abilities or compromised communication status. Nursing personnel should look forward to ways of improving patient care by developing communication skills and technical skills to help patients in fulfillment of their needs leading to satisfaction of both the patient and the nurse. Also, hospital administration can enhance patient satisfaction by introducing visual communication board in care of patients with compromised communication. Visual communication board can serve as a bridge for communication between the patient and the nurse, if it is readily available and nurses possess skills to use it

A Comparative Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Endotracheal Suctioning with and without Normal Saline Instillation in Terms of Physiological Parameters and Patient Outcome Measures among Mechanically Ventilated Patients in Selected Hospital of New Delhi

Intubated patients are unable to cough sufficiently to remove pulmonary secretion. Nurses occasionally encounter thick and tenacious secretions during endotracheal (ET) suctioning. To manage these secretions, normal saline instillation (NSI) is used throughout the world. The use of NSI before endotracheal suctioning is intended to lubricate the catheter, liquefy and soften secretions, and stimulate coughing. The objectives of the study were to assess the effectiveness of endotracheal suctioning with normal saline instillation in terms of physiological parameters and patient outcome among mechanicallyventilated patients; to assess the effectiveness of endotracheal suctioning without normal saline instillation in terms of physiological parameters and patient outcome among mechanically ventilated patients; and to compare the effectiveness in terms of physiological parameters and patient outcome in mechanically ventilated patients with and without normal saline instillation.Methods: A quantitative research approach with comparative descriptive design was used for the study. The study was conducted in Max Super specialty Hospital, Saket and New Delhi. Purposive sampling was used for selecting 60 mechanically ventilated patients, from which 30 had undergone ET suctioning with normal saline instillation and 30 had undergone ET suctioning without normal saline instillation. Physiological parameters were assessed by using an observation checklist. Patient outcomes were assessed through observations made at 0–72 hours.Results: The significant findings of the study revealed that mechanically ventilated patients, who had undergone ET suctioning with NSI in comparison to patients who had undergone ET suctioning without NSI, were significant in terms of ventilator tidal volume at 18 hours, p value was 0.005 (p1), similarlysystolic blood pressure at 6 hours and 12 hours were 0.001 and 0.049 respectively, significant at 0.05 level of significance. p value of temperature at 12 hours was 0.031, p values of ABG PaO2 at 0 hour, 6 hours,12 hours and 18 hours were 0.036, 0.005, 0.022 and 0.043 respectively, significant at 0.05 level of significance, p values of ABG Na+ at 6 hours and 12 hours were 0.003 and 0.001 respectively, significant at 0.05 level of significance, p values of ABG K+ at 6 hours were 0.046, p values of ABG Ca++ at 0 hour and 12 hours were 0.044 and 0.045 which were significant at 0.05 level respectively; however, the p2 value calculated by ANOVA test from 0–72 hours of patient outcome was not significant at 0.05 level of significance.Conclusion: The findings of the present study conclude that normal saline instillation while ET suctioning was effective in comparison to ET suctioning without normal saline instillation among mechanically ventilatedpatients in terms of respiratory parameters

An Exploratory Study to Assess the Knowledge, Perception, Practice and Factors Influencing Non-adherence to Regular Exercise Regime among Elderly Women in Selected Community of Delhi

Introduction: The profound shift in the proportion of older or elderly Indians, taking place in the context of changing family relationships and limited social support system will bring with it a variety of social, economic and health care policy challenges.Objectives: The primary objective of the study was to assess the Knowledge, Perception and Practice of regular exercise regime among elderly women and to determine the factors influencing regular exercise regime among elderly women.Methods: The quantitative research approach with an exploratory survey research design was selected. 100 elderly women belonging to age group of 60-80 years were selected using purposive sampling technique from Tughlakabad extension, an urban area of Delhi. A structured interview schedule was used to collect the data. The data obtained was tabulated in Microsoft Excel Spread Sheet and was analyzed in terms of objective of the study using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The findings revealed that majority of the women were having average knowledge (80%) and good perception (89%) but almost half of them (48%) were having poor practice of regular exercise. The most common reasons for non-adherence to regular exercise regime were that exercise can be replaced with house hold works (71%) and difficulty to find time from busy schedule (67%). Knowledge and perception, knowledge and practice were found to be significantly related. A significant association was observed with knowledge regarding exercise regime and educational status of women whereas practice was found significantly associated with their family income, education and working status.Conclusion: The study findings revealed that although the elderly women had good perception and average knowledge about the regular exercise regime, their practice for the same was poor. It was observed that elderly women had access to public amenities like parks for walking and open gym for practicing different exercises so there is a need for motivation, encouragement and support from the family members and society so that they can utilize these facilities

Muscle Cramp Management: Intra-Dialytic Stretching Exercise

A study to assess the effect of intra-dialytic stretching exercise on muscle cramps in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), of a selected Hospital in New Delhi was conducted with the aim to assess the severity of muscle cramps among experimental and control groups and to compare the effect of intra-dialytic stretching exercise on muscle cramps in patients undergoing hemodialysis in experimental and control groups. A total of 60 samples were selected for the study. Data was collected using structured interview schedule and pain was assessed using numerical pain rating scale. Intra-dialytic stretching exercise was administered to the experimental group for three alternate days during dialysis whereas the control group resumed with routine nursing care. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee Board of Jamia Hamdard and formal permission obtained from the private hospital prior to conducting the study. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that there was a significant reduction in the pain score after performing intra-dialytic stretching exercise among experimental group on day 1, 3 and 5 and the mean difference of pain score obtained was 1.57 on day 5. In the control group, there was a significant increase in the pain score on day 1, 3 and 5 and the mean difference of pain score obtained was 0.7 on day 5. While comparing the experimental and control groups on day 1, 3 and 5, there was a significant reduction in pain score among experimental group and the mean difference of pain score obtained was 2.07 on day 5, thus indicating that intra-dialytic stretching exercise is an effective measure in reducing muscle cramps among hemodialysis patients. The study concluded that intra-dialytic stretching exercise was effective in reducing muscle cramps among patients undergoing hemodialysis

Efficacy of Riyazat (Exercise) in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic ailment categorized by the presence of hyperglycemia due to defective insulin secretion, defective insulin action or both. It is a chronic disease caused by inherited and/or acquired factors. Obesity and sedentary life style are one of the most causative factors of diabetes mellitus or type 2 dm aka (non-insulin dependent diabetes). Unani system of Medicine which is one of the main parts of TCAM (traditional complementary and alternative system of medicine) have a holistic approach for every disease. Ancient Unani scholars have advised a six-essential theory for the wellbeing of human being i.e. Asbab-e-Sitta Zarroriyah which include very good approach for the management of NCDs. Diabetes mellitus is one of NCDs which have increasing drastically from last 2 decades. Among Asbab-e-Sitta Zarroriyah, Harkat-wa-sukoon-e-badni will play a major roll in the management of NCDs. Among all, Riyazat (exercise) is the actual basic and useful way for preservation of health.  Physical activity includes all movement that increases consumption of energy, whereas exercise is planned, structured physical activity. Exercise increase uptake of glucose by skeletal muscle so, improves blood glucose level in type 2 diabetes, reduces cardiovascular risk factors, contributes to weight loss, and improves well-being. Unani physicians in 2nd and 3rd AD century have paved great attention towards this important task in ratiocinative way. Unani physicians provided perceptions about timing, modes, and benefits of Riyazat.  Babylonians, Egyptians, Greeks and Mesopotamians all the ancient has tried to suggest the best ways for the human achievements of well beingness from very beginning, human is very curious about health and its prevention.  In this review paper, it will be tried to provide the benefitting knowledge to the humanity about exercise which improves blood glucose levels in type 2 DM patients to save the health and promote the life. Keywords: Riyazat; Greek physicians; Unani; Humor; Mizaj, Exercis