Diagnostic efficacy of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in lung malignancies

Background: Lung malignancies are the leading cause of cancer related deaths in men and in women it has surpassed even breast cancer. With the development of flexible fiber-optic bronchoscope, respiratory cytology has newer approach as samples like bronchial washings, bronchial brushings, bronchoalveolar lavage and trans-bronchial needle aspirations could be collected from the respiratory tract, yielding significant amount of cytological material.Methods: A prospective study conducted in department of pathology in MGM Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad during a period from November 2015 to October 2017. 48samples of bronchoalveolar lavage received and patient data collected.Results: About 48 cases included in the study comprised of 23 (47.92%) malignancies, 16 (33.34%) DLDs and 9 (18%) cases of tuberculosis. In our study, 23 cases of malignancy included 15 male and 8 female patients (male:female ratio= 1.87). Mean age for malignancy was 57.57 years with median age of 60 years. Among 23 cases of malignancies 11 were given as positive/suspicious/atypical cells on BAL, whereas 10 out of 11 bronchial brushing were given as positive/suspicious or suggestive of malignancy.Conclusions: Bronchoalveolar lavage is useful procedure. Efficacy of BAL is increased when used in combination with bronchial brushing

Correlation of histologic grade of breast carcinoma with hormone receptor status in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies affecting the female population worldwide. Prognosis and management of breast cancer are influenced by variables such as stage, grade, hormone receptor status of oestrogen(ER), progesterone(PR) and Human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER2/neu) overexpression. Aim to correlate grade of tumour with ER, PR and HER2/neu receptor status of breast carcinoma.Methods: A prospective study was done in Pathology department, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra for one year. Out of 65 cases studied, 28 cases were biopsy and 37 cases were modified radical mastectomy specimens. All samples were subjected for routine histological examination and immunohistochemical analysis.Results: Age of patients ranged from 30 to 82 years; 60% of tumours were right sided; 46% were involving upper outer quadrant; 58% were radiologically BI-RADS 4; 46% tumours were histopathologically grade 2 and 90% were invasive breast carcinoma, not otherwise specified. By immunohistochemistry, 60% were ER/PRpositive, 9% HER2/neu positive, 26% triple negative and 5% HER2/neu equivocal. In our study, out of 13 grade 1 tumours, 100% were ER/PRpositive and HER2/neu negative; thus an inverse relationship was found between HER2/neu and ER/PR receptors. Also 70% of triple negative tumours were grade 3 which have an aggressive behaviour compared to other subtypes and were common in premenopausal women.Conclusions: Assessment of hormone receptors for clinical management of breast cancer patients is strongly advocated to provide prognostic information and best therapeutic options. A significant correlation was observed between hormonal receptor status and the grade of tumour

Correlation of histologic grade of breast carcinoma with hormone receptor status in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies affecting the female population worldwide. Prognosis and management of breast cancer are influenced by variables such as stage, grade, hormone receptor status of oestrogen(ER), progesterone(PR) and Human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER2/neu) overexpression. Aim to correlate grade of tumour with ER, PR and HER2/neu receptor status of breast carcinoma.Methods: A prospective study was done in Pathology department, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra for one year. Out of 65 cases studied, 28 cases were biopsy and 37 cases were modified radical mastectomy specimens. All samples were subjected for routine histological examination and immunohistochemical analysis.Results: Age of patients ranged from 30 to 82 years; 60% of tumours were right sided; 46% were involving upper outer quadrant; 58% were radiologically BI-RADS 4; 46% tumours were histopathologically grade 2 and 90% were invasive breast carcinoma, not otherwise specified. By immunohistochemistry, 60% were ER/PRpositive, 9% HER2/neu positive, 26% triple negative and 5% HER2/neu equivocal. In our study, out of 13 grade 1 tumours, 100% were ER/PRpositive and HER2/neu negative; thus an inverse relationship was found between HER2/neu and ER/PR receptors. Also 70% of triple negative tumours were grade 3 which have an aggressive behaviour compared to other subtypes and were common in premenopausal women.Conclusions: Assessment of hormone receptors for clinical management of breast cancer patients is strongly advocated to provide prognostic information and best therapeutic options. A significant correlation was observed between hormonal receptor status and the grade of tumour