A compressive survey on different image processing techniques to identify the brain tumor.

Medical imaging technology has revolutionized health care over the past three decades, allowing doctors to detect, cure and improve patient outcomes. Medicinal imaging involves pictures - of internal organs, parts, tissues and bones - for therapeutic examination and research purposes. X-ray and CT scanners are the two greatest results of progress in imaging methods supplanting 2D procedures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an imaging procedure that is utilized in radiology to visualize interior structures of the body and better understand how they work. X-ray provides a 3D image of the body's interior; as well as being critical for tumor discovery, this also enables surgeons to more easily dissect infections or tumors than was possible with older X-beam technology, which provided a 2D image. This paper provides an overview of different systems that can be used for distinguishing and preparing medical images

Queen success is correlated with worker-brood genetic relatedness in a primitively eusocial wasp (Ropalidia marginata)

Ropalidia marginata is a primitively eusocial polistine wasp in which, although there is only one queen at any given time, frequent queen replacements lead to a system of serial polygyny. One of the most striking features of this system is the enormous variation in the success of different queens. Measuring queen success as queen tenure, total number of offspring produced, number of offspring produced per day of tenure, and proportion of eggs laid that develop into adults, we show here that each measure of queen success is correlated with worker-brood genetic relatedness and not correlated with worker:brood ratio or the age of the queen at takeover. We interpret these results as meaning that queens are better able to obtain the cooperation of workers when worker-brood genetic relatedness is high

Association of oral glucose tolerance test and pregnancy and fetal outcome

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 2-25% of pregnancies depending on population characteristics and criteria used. It is associated with an increased risk of fetal malformation and perinatal mortality. The aim of the study was to know the prevalence of GDM, the risk factors associated with women with GDM and the feto-maternal outcome.Methods: A prospective study conducted among 200 antenatal women attending Obstetrics and Gynaecology (OBG) Outpatient Department in A. J. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center from March 2019 to August 2019. GDM was diagnosed with 2-hour 75 gm oral glucose tolerance test according to diabetes in pregnancy study group of India (DIPSI) criteria. Basic demographic details and maternal and fetal outcomes were analysed.Results: The prevalence of GDM was high (24.5%) compared to other studies. Normoglycemia was achieved with diet alone in 71.5%, diet and metformin in 16.3% and 12.2% with insulin. Risk factors included higher body mass index (BMI) and history of GDM. Emergency caesarean rate was higher among GDM women (p<0.05). Fetal complications and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions were also higher in this group (p<0.001 and p<0.05).Conclusions: The higher prevalence shows the importance of early detection and timely intervention for pregnancy complicated with GDM. Due to this high-risk pregnancy, there’s increased incidence of maternal and fetal outcomes which can be reduced with glycaemic control and adequate fetal surveillance

Serial polygyny in Ropalidia marginata: implications for the evolution of eusociality

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Treatment of CoQ10 Deficient Fibroblasts with Ubiquinone, CoQ Analogs, and Vitamin C: Time- and Compound-Dependent Effects

Background: Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) and its analogs are used therapeutically by virtue of their functions as electron carriers, antioxidant compounds, or both. However, published studies suggest that different ubiquinone analogs may produce divergent effects on oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative stress.Methodology/Principal Findings: To test these concepts, we have evaluated the effects of CoQ(10), coenzyme Q(2) (CoQ(2)), idebenone, and vitamin C on bioenergetics and oxidative stress in human skin fibroblasts with primary CoQ(10) deficiency. A final concentration of 5 mu M of each compound was chosen to approximate the plasma concentration of CoQ(10) of patients treated with oral ubiquinone. CoQ(10) supplementation for one week but not for 24 hours doubled ATP levels and ATP/ADP ratio in CoQ(10) deficient fibroblasts therein normalizing the bioenergetics status of the cells. Other compounds did not affect cellular bioenergetics. In COQ2 mutant fibroblasts, increased superoxide anion production and oxidative stress-induced cell death were normalized by all supplements.Conclusions/Significance: These results indicate that: 1) pharmacokinetics of CoQ(10) in reaching the mitochondrial respiratory chain is delayed; 2) short-tail ubiquinone analogs cannot replace CoQ(10) in the mitochondrial respiratory chain under conditions of CoQ(10) deficiency; and 3) oxidative stress and cell death can be counteracted by administration of lipophilic or hydrophilic antioxidants. The results of our in vitro experiments suggest that primary CoQ(10) deficiencies should be treated with CoQ(10) supplementation but not with short-tail ubiquinone analogs, such as idebenone or CoQ(2). Complementary administration of antioxidants with high bioavailability should be considered if oxidative stress is present