Ἔν τινι εἶναι als Hintergrund der paulinischen Rede vom Sein ‚in Christus‘

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers (De Gruyter) frei zugänglich.Schon lange werden die paulinischen ἐν-Χριστῷ-Wendungen erforscht. Jedoch besteht bisher kein Konsens darüber, was sie bedeuten und wie Paulus dazu kam, die Beziehung zwischen Gläubigen und Christus so zu beschrei- ben. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt kompakt, dass der philologische Hintergrund der paulinischen Formulierungen vom „Sein ‚in Christus‘“ in der griechische Wendung ἔν τινι εἶναι liegt. Diese wird weitgehend analog verwendet und beschreibt, dass jemand oder etwas abhängig ist von jemand oder etwas anderem. Bisher wenig beachtete Belege aus der archaischen bis in die Kaiserzeit dienen als Beweis. Bei Paulus wird besonders in Röm 1–8 deutlich, wie eng das Konzept der Abhängigkeit mit den ἐν-Χριστῷ-Wendungen verbunden ist.Paul’s ἐν Χριστῷ phrases have long caused much investigation among scholars, yet no consensus has been reached as to what they mean and how the apostle came to speak of the relationship between believers and Christ in this way. This brief survey shows that the philological background of Paul’s “being in Christ” phrases lies in the largely analogous Greek phrase ἔν τινι εἶναι which expresses dependency of something or someone on something or someone else. Various pas- sages from the archaic up until the imperial period that have received no attention so far demonstrate this. In Paul, the concept of dependency in connection with ἐν Χριστῷ phrases particularly comes to play in Rom 1–8.Peer Reviewe

Jeder Fehler zählt : das Frankfurter Fehlerberichts- und Lernsystem für Hausarztpraxen

Anderer Fehler sind gute Lehrer « – so lautet ein nur wenig bekanntes altes deutsches Sprichwort. Für medizinische Fehler galt das die längste Zeit nicht: entweder totgeschwiegen oder als »Kunstfehler « in das Licht der Öffentlichkeit gezerrt, entzogen sich ärztliche Fehler einer systematischen Analyse. Damit hat die Medizin lange eine wichtige Chance vertan. Am Institut für Allgemeinmedizin der Universität Frankfurt beschäftigt sich seit einigen Jahren ein Team unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Ferdinand Gerlach intensiv mit der Fehlerforschung. ..

Editors\u27 Choice—Understanding Chemical Stability Issues between Different Solid Electrolytes in All-Solid-State Batteries

Sulfide-based solid electrolytes (SE) are quite attractive for application in all-solid-state batteries (ASSB) due to their high ionic conductivities and low grain boundary resistance. However, limited chemical and electrochemical stability demands for protection on both cathode and anode side. One promising concept to prevent unwanted reactions and simultaneously improve interfacial contacting at the anode side consists in applying a thin polymer film as interlayer between Li metal and the SE. In the present study, we investigated the combination of polyethylene oxide (PEO) based polymer films with the sulfide-based SE Li10SnP2S12 (LSPS). We analyzed their compatibility using both electrochemical and chemical techniques. A steady increase in the cell resistance during calendar aging indicated decomposition reactions at the interfaces. By means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and further analytical methods, the formation of polysulfides, P–[S]n–P like bridged PS43− units and sulfite, SO32−, was demonstrated. We critically discuss potential reasons and propose a plausible mechanism for the degradation of LSPS with PEO. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of understanding interfaces in ASSBs not only from an electrochemical perspective, but also from a chemical point of view

Caring for older people as a social determinant of health: findings from a scoping review of observational studies

Background: Unpaid care is a critical source of support for people with health and social care needs. Unpaid carers are a group facing increasing demands and are at risk of adverse outcomes. Objectives: To assess the breadth of evidence on older carers/carers of older people in UK cohort studies. Methods: Using scoping review methods, we developed a targeted search strategy in three bibliographic databases (Medline, PsycInfo and CINAHL) for studies reporting carer characteristics and outcomes. Data were mapped using Evidence for Policy and Practice Information (EPPI) Reviewer, a web-based programme for managing and analysing data in reviews. The impacts of caring were explored and synthesised. Findings: Eighty-five studies were included. Where studies examined the impact of caring, outcomes were typically health-related; findings were inconsistent. Fewer studies reported the socioeconomic, disability-related, quality of life, or social impacts of caring. Fewer than half of studies reported subgroup analyses or care recipient information, and only five studies stratified carers’ outcomes by a measure of socioeconomic status. Limitations: Relying on data from observational studies means that key outcomes or caring pathways may be overlooked due to data collection methods. We therefore cannot infer causation/reverse causation regarding caring and carer outcomes. Implications: Our work highlights specific gaps in evidence regarding the social, economic, health and quality of life outcomes for carers. We also suggest methodological considerations to improve our understanding of care recipients, carers’ trajectories, and those at greatest risk of adverse outcomes. This information is vital to the development of research design, policies and interventions to support carers’ wellbeing

Does health and social care provision for the community dwelling older population help to reduce unplanned secondary care, support timely discharge and improve patient well-being? A mixed method meta-review of systematic reviews

Background: This study aimed to identify and examine systematic review evidence of health and social care interventions for the community-dwelling older population regarding unplanned hospital admissions, timely hospital discharge and patient well-being. Methods: A meta-review was conducted using Joanna Briggs and PRISMA guidance. A search strategy was developed: eight bibliographic medical and social science databases were searched, and references of included studies checked. Searches were restricted to OECD countries and to systematic reviews published between January 2013–March 2018. Data extraction and quality appraisal was undertaken by one reviewer with a random sample screened independently by two others. Results: Searches retrieved 21,233 records; using data mining techniques, we identified 8,720 reviews. Following title and abstract and full-paper screening, 71 systematic reviews were included: 62 quantitative, seven qualitative and two mixed methods reviews. There were 52 reviews concerned with healthcare interventions and 19 reviews concerned with social care interventions. This meta-review summarises the evidence and evidence gaps of nine broad types of health and social care interventions. It scrutinises the presence of research in combined health and social care provision, finding it lacking in both definition and detail given. This meta-review debates the overlap of some of the person-centred support provided by community health and social care provision. Research recommendations have been generated by this process for both primary and secondary research. Finally, it proposes that research recommendations can be delivered on an ongoing basis if meta-reviews are conducted as living systematic reviews. Conclusions: This meta-review provides evidence of the effect of health and social care interventions for the community-dwelling older population and identification of evidence gaps. It highlights the lack of evidence for combined health and social care interventions and for the impact of social care interventions on health care outcomes. Registration: PROSPERO ID CRD42018087534; registered on 15 March 2018