Work stress, nonwork stress, and health

This paper examines the interface between work stress and nonwork stress and how it relates to health. Results indicate that the way people feel at work is largely a function of conditions at work. Similarly, the way people feel outside of work is largely a function of things that occur outside the job. Both work and nonwork stress are independently associated with physical and mental health, although the relationship between nonwork stress and health is slightly stronger. Excessive demands or stresses in one domain can interfere with life in the other. Such conflict operates equally in both directions. When present it can be an added source of stress and adversely affect health. Taken together these findings suggest that the stress people experience at work is not simply a reflection of their “personal problems.” This has implications for the design of health promotion and stress prevention programs in the workplace.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44811/1/10865_2004_Article_BF00846832.pd

Leveraging the macro-level environment to balance work and life: an analysis of female entrepreneurs' job satisfaction

This study investigates the interactive effect of female entrepreneurs’ experience of work–life imbalance and gender-egalitarian macro-level conditions on their job satisfaction, with the prediction that the negative linear relationship between work–life imbalance and job satisfaction may be buffered by the presence of women-friendly action resources, emancipative values, and civic entitlements. Data pertaining to 7,392 female entrepreneurs from 44 countries offer empirical support for these predictions. Female entrepreneurs who are preoccupied with their ability to fulfill both work and life responsibilities are more likely to maintain a certain level of job satisfaction, even if they experience significant work–life imbalances, to the extent that they operate in supportive macro-level environments

Rethinking women in survival entrepreneurship and wellbeing in Kenya

The interplay between entrepreneurship, regional development and culture creates different experiences for female entrepreneurs. Past research critically analyzes and acknowledges the role of entrepreneurship in enhancing gender empowerment, reduction of unemployment rates and the mitigation of extreme poverty in different societies. Furthermore, it acknowledges the existence of gender disparity, which varies across context and time. In Kenya, the entrepreneurship narrative highlights its role in unemployment reduction and income generation. Women empowerment has emerged as a major benefit of female entrepreneurship in Kenya (ADB, 2016). Historically, Kenyan women play a significant role in their households. The discourse on the gains of entrepreneurship is however silent about the implications of combining these roles on the overall well-being of female entrepreneurs. Of particular interest, is how their entrepreneurial experiences, contribute to their quality of life, overall physical, psycho-social and economic wellbeing. This chapter provides a theoretical overview of female entrepreneurship in Kenya that advocates for a focus on the physical, psychosocial and economic wellbeing of female entrepreneurs as an important aspect in assessing the overall success of entrepreneurial initiatives. This overview provides a framework that gives a matrix for contextual and holistic wellbeing of female entrepreneurs in Kenya