69 research outputs found

    Les algorithmes de recommandation musicale et l’autonomie de l’auditeur. Analyse des Ă©coutes d'un panel d'utilisateurs de streaming

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    International audienceStreaming music listening services are halfway between two previously existing devices – radio and record collections –, and two related types of agency – the consumer supported by music programming in the case of radio, and the amateur in the case of collection. They therefore offer a hybrid system of personalized services, adapted to users’ tastes, based on their past listening, through the use of recommendation systems. To what extent is the figure drawn by the interfaces reflected in the listeners’ real behaviour? To answer this question, we draw on the analysis of logs of musical activity from a random sample of 4,000 users of a musical platform, monitored over a period of five months. We first describe the distribution of listening, and show that while the diversity of consumption on the platform is greater than on other devices, listening remains highly concentrated on the most popular musicians. We then examine the use of recommendations, showing that it remains moderate and unevenly distributed, and that for musical discovery, it is still marginal, whether the orientation of the recommendations is towards mid-tail and long-tail music.Les services d’écoute musicale en streaming se situent Ă  mi-chemin entre deux dispositifs antĂ©rieurs, la radio et la collection de disques, et deux modes d’agentivitĂ© associĂ©s : le consommateur pris en charge par la programmation musicale dans le cas de la radio, l’amateur dans le cas de la collection. Ils proposent ainsi un rĂ©gime hybride de prise en charge personnalisĂ©e, adaptĂ©e aux goĂ»ts des usagers, mesurĂ©s par leurs Ă©coutes passĂ©es, via l’usage de systĂšmes de recommandation. Dans quelle mesure la figure dessinĂ©e par les interfaces se traduit-elle dans les comportements rĂ©els des auditeurs ? Nous nous appuyons sur l’analyse des traces d’activitĂ©s musicales d’un Ă©chantillon alĂ©atoire de 4000 utilisateurs d’une plateforme musicale, suivi pendant une pĂ©riode de cinq mois, pour rĂ©pondre Ă  cette question. Nous dĂ©crivons d’abord la distribution des Ă©coutes, et montrons que si la diversitĂ© des consommations sur la plateforme est plus grande que sur d’autres dispositifs, les Ă©coutes demeurent fortement concentrĂ©es sur les artistes les plus populaires. Nous examinons ensuite les usages des recommandations par les usagers, en montrant qu’ils restent mesurĂ©s, inĂ©galement distribuĂ©s, et que les usages de dĂ©couverte musicale, s’ils orientent les usagers vers des musiques de la mid-tail et de la long-tail, demeurent marginaux

    The Stength of Weak cooperation: A Case Study on Flickr

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    Web 2.0 works with the principle of weak cooperation, where a huge amount of individual contributions build solid and structured sources of data. In this paper, we detail the main properties of this weak cooperation by illustrating them on the photo publication website Flickr, showing the variety of uses producing a rich content and the various procedures devised by Flickr users themselves to select quality. We underlined the interaction between small and heavy users as a specific form of collective production in large social networks communities. We also give the main statistics on the (5M-users, 150M-photos) data basis we worked on for this study, collected from Flickr website using the public API

    Les transformations de l'intermédiation musicale

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    Les usagers de Napster, entre communautĂ© et clientĂšle. Construction et rĂ©gulation d’un collectif sociotechnique

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    Napster, systĂšme horizontal d’échange de fichiers musicaux, est un cas exemplaire de dispositif sociotechnique ouvert, objet d’interprĂ©tations contradictoires. Nous examinons ici deux grands rĂ©cits du fonctionnement de l’innovation Napster : le premier envisage le dispositif comme une communautĂ© d’échange autorĂ©gulĂ©e, emblĂ©matique de l’avĂšnement d’un nouveau mode de rĂ©gulation sociale fondĂ© sur le don ; le second l’analyse Ă  l’inverse comme un dispositif de consommation, rĂ©gi par le calcul et les comportements opportunistes, et prĂ©curseur des structures d’un marchĂ© de la musique en ligne. Par l’observation empirique de la genĂšse et des usages du dispositif, nous montrons que ces interprĂ©tations en occultent la dimension technique et surestiment la mise en Ɠuvre par les usagers de leur compĂ©tence morale ou de calcul. La rĂ©gulation du collectif relĂšve plutĂŽt de la solidaritĂ© technique, dans laquelle les calculs et les actions morales des utilisateurs composent avec les instances plus ou moins contraignantes et Ă©clatĂ©es du systĂšme technique.Napster, a horizontal setup for exchanging music files, is exemplary of an open sociotechnical system and subject to contradictory interpretations. Two major explanations about how innovation works therein are examined. The first presents Napster as a self-regulated community with a new type of social regulation based on gift-giving whereas the second analyses it as a means of consumption, where opportunistic calculations and behaviours prevail and which is heralding in structures for an on-line music market. Empirical observations of the origins and uses of this system reveal that these interpretations mask the technical dimension and overestimate the user’s ability to make rational calculations and moral judgments. Regulating this sociotechnical group depends more on “technical solidarity”, wherein users’ moral actions and calculations cope with the more or less restrictive but fragmented levels in the technical system

    Des donnĂ©es du Web pour faire de la sociologie
 du Web ?

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    Avec la croissance continue des usages d’Internet, une part grandissante de nos activitĂ©s sociales se prolonge en ligne. Nos consommations et productions culturelles, notre sociabilitĂ©, nos curiositĂ©s et engagements politiques, une partie de nos achats, nos recherches d’information, nos demandes d’aide se dĂ©veloppent de plus en plus dans les diffĂ©rents espaces du Web. Ces usages sont le plus souvent complĂ©mentaires des activitĂ©s dĂ©veloppĂ©es dans d’autres espaces sociaux, avec lesquelles elles..

    Business Models of the Web 2.0: Advertising or The Tale of Two Stories

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    Web 2.0 services have experienced a very strong growth in the last 4 years, and now account for a large part of the global internet audience. The development of these services comes with a deep transformation in Web uses which may prefigure the future of media in an ultrabroadband world. The perennial nature of Web 2.0 services crucially relies on their capability to build profitable business models. Today, advertising is the main source of revenue for Web 2.0 sites; however advertising revenues are weak and disappointing, especially related to their audience. The aim of this paper is to provide an economic understanding of the situation and to investigate the strategies of economic players (site managers, ad networks and ad servers) in order to improve advertising revenues on Web 2.0 sites. We present two different stories about the effect of internet on advertising, specific problems encountered on Web 2.0 sites and effective ways to monetize Web 2.0 audiences. Each story builds upon a different theoretical framework: the economic analysis of advertising and the socio-economic approach to worlds of production

    Competing Quality Conventions in the French Online Advertising Market

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    This paper builds upon an empirical study of suppliers of online advertising space in France in order to highlight the plurality of quality conventions that organize the activity of market intermediaries. We show that the market is organized around two different quality conventions, the ‘media’ convention and the ‘direct-response’ convention, each equipped with specific efficiency indicators, pricing methods and selling channels. Then we focus on the growing conflict of territory between the two conventions; we analyse the balance of power between the conventions and the arenas where they compete. We observe that the collective action of the defenders of the traditional world is not (yet) sufficient to contain the pervasiveness of the indicators and metrics from the world of direct-response
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