Die Vertaalberoep En Taalbeplanning

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Some factors influencing the use of simultaneous interpreting as an alternative to parallel-medium teaching in tertiary education

Currently, a number of historical Afrikaans universities (i.e. North-West University, the University of the Free State and the University of  Johannesburg) are experimenting with the use of simultaneous interpreting (using the whispered mode) as an alternative to parallel-medium teaching. Simultaneous interpreting is discussed as a useful language policy management mechanism against the backdrop of a  changing linguistic context at tertiary institutions. In the case of the University of Johannesburg's Kingsway Campus, a dramatic shift has taken place in the linguistic profile of learners over the past nine years. This shifthas not only led to a need to reformulate the institution's language policy, but also poses challenges to the relevance of the languages of learning and teaching traditionally used, namely English and Afrikaans. It was therefore decided to experiment with the use of simultaneous interpreting to provide teaching and thus additional linguistic support in the four languages prescribed by the University's language policy, namely English, Afrikaans, Sesotho sa Leboa and isiZulu. The project aimed at establishing how a multilingual context would impact on learners' language attitudes and what the repercussions of such attitudes would be on interpreting in the classroom. This article reports on some of the factors found to  influence the use of simultaneous interpreting at the University of  Johannesburg, namely the hegemony of English, the extent of the linguistic diversity that has become characteristic of tertiary classrooms,and the impact of language attitudes.Keywords: simultaneous interpreting, classroom interpreting, language policy, hegemony, language attitudes, language diversit

Beskrywing en evaluering van verskillende kategetiese beskouings met die oog op die formulering van basisteorieë vir die kategese

Description and evaluation of different catechetical ideas in order to formulate basic  theories for catechesis In order to formulate basic theories for catechesis various views are considered and evaluated in this article. The following basic theories are the  result of the evaluation: Catechesis is an act of communication founded on baptism in service to the gospel of Jesus Christ. It takes place in the form of instruction, with the  aid of curriculum models. It takes place during formal catechesis, but it is indirectly affiliated to other functions of the church. It is directed at children of the covenant, and  enlists their co-operation. It is ministered by parents, catechists, and the community of  the covenant, presenting the Bible as the word of God

Die ontstaan en inrigting van die SVTT (Praktiese Opleiding) van die Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika aan die Universiteit van Pretoria

The inception and establishment of the Centre for Continued Theological Education (Practical Training) of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika at the University of PretoriaDuring 1988 the Curriculum Committee of the Faculty of Theology (Sec A) launched an in-depth investigation into the training of ministers of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika. With a view to maintaining the practical and academical training standards, it was decided to provide for more practical training to take place at the Centre for Continued Theological Education (CCTE). During 1989 this decision culminated in a second division of the CCTE which started to provide this important supplement to the existing curriculum, known as Practical Training. This division has since been called the CCTE (Practical Training) Department

Challenges encountered in the home-neighbourhood-community and school domain: An analysis of Tonga revitalisation through the eyes of Fishman’s (1991) Reversing Language Shift

Abstract : Minority language groups in Zimbabwe face many challenges as they strive for space and recognition for their languages. This study focuses particularly on the Tonga language spoken in the Binga District, Zimbabwe. It aims to explore the language planning goals for the revitalisation of Tonga, as well as the challenges encountered in realising these goals in two domains, i.e. the home-neighbourhood-community and the school domain. Data was gathered through interviews, as well as the use of secondary sources. For interviews, social actors involved in the revitalisation of Tonga were used as informants. These included Binga chiefs and their communities, non-governmental organisations, publishing houses and universities. Broadly speaking, the study reveals that the goals of Tonga revitalisation fall under language maintenance goals with an orientation towards community language maintenance (CLM), as well as language spread (acquisition) and standardisation for the home-neighbourhood- community (HNC) and school domains respectively. Within the HNC domain, the Tonga community faced great challenges in garnering ideological consensus within the community itself mainly due to a lack of advocacy and lobbying skills. They also faced challenges in gaining entry into domains outside the home, particularly the school domain. Following an analysis of the challenges encountered, this study therefore argues that minority language groups cannot do it without support and collaboration with other stakeholders, including central government. The insights drawn from this study’s findings might be applicable to other minority language groups in Zimbabwe and elsewhere, for example, in respect of offering feasible alternatives to the challenges of micro-level language revitalisation

Op pad na ’n nuwe bedieningstruktuur: ’n Analise van die gemeente as deel van hierdie proses

Heading toward new ministerial structures: A situationanalysis of the local congregationAccording to 2 Corinthians 3:18 the church has the instruction to be transformed so to become part of the body of Christ more and more. But it does happen thatthe church stagnate in its ministry. The purpose of the subject Church Growth is to adress this problem. One phase of this subject is the analysis of the situation inthe local church. The purpose of the analysis is to systematically look at the situation in a congregation of the church and then to identify problems that stand in theway of fulfilling of the Biblical command. The situation- analysis can not be done at random, but must be planned carefully. This study gives attention to a plannedsituation-analysis of the local church

Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with tinnitus in the UK: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Introduction: Tinnitus is one of the most distressing hearing-related symptoms. Innovative ways of managing tinnitus distress and the related healthcare burden of treating tinnitus are required. An internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) intervention has been developed in Sweden to improve access to evidence-based tinnitus treatments. This study aims to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of iCBT in reducing the impact associated with tinnitus, in the UK. It, furthermore, aims to establish whether there are subgroups of tinnitus sufferers for whom this iCBT intervention may be more suitable. Methods and analysis: A two-armed randomised control trial—with a 1-year follow-up design—will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of iCBT on tinnitus distress. A delayed treatment design using a weekly check-in control group will be used. 70 participants will be randomly assigned to each group by an independent researcher by using a computer-generated randomisation schedule, and after being prestratified for age and tinnitus severity. They will undergo the iCBT e-health intervention online together with audiological therapeutic support. The main outcome measure is the Tinnitus Functional Index. Process evaluation of the intervention will also be conducted. Data analysis will be in accordance with Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval has been granted. If this intervention proves effective, it may be possible that at least some tinnitus sufferers can be managed though an iCBT e-learning treatment programme. This would be cost effective and potentially will free up services for those with more severe problems that need face-to-face treatment

INFORMATION NEEDS AND UTILISATION AMONG FISH FARMERS IN NAMIBIA

This study on information needs and utilization among aquaculture farmers in Namibia investigated the knowledge gap that exists between information and aquaculture production by providing research-based evidence on the nature and extent of information needed and utilised by aquaculture farmers in Namibia.  The study was driven by the main research question; what are the information needs and utilisation patterns amongaquaculture farmers in Namibia? This mixed methods research employed a concurrent triangulation design, combining qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Data collection methods used for the quantitative research were surveys, and semi-structured interviews, and document analysis for the qualitative. The population comprised of all fish farmers and their managers in Namibia.  The key findings of the study revealed that fish farmers lacked the required information to fulfil their information needs. They needed the information for problem solving, performing tasks and decision making. The study also showed that fish farmers needed different types of information which cuts across different disciplines and this information included agricultural information, health information, environmental information, technological information, business and trade information, and government policies and plans. Fish farmers also used information from newspapers, Internet, textbooks, experts, etc. and on various topics such as fish markets and harvests, weather forecast, types of fish species, modern fishing methods, site of shoal, fish feeds, and fishing regulations and government policies. The study highlights the importance of information and knowledge for sustainable livelihoods amongst fish farmers. &nbsp

Linear and nonlinear optical absorption characterization of natural laccaic acid dye

We report on the optical performances of laccaic acid dye in solution at different concentrations and dye–poly(methyl methacrylate) composite thin films. The linear spectral characteristics including optical constants, i.e. refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k), were carried out in a comprehensive way through absorbance, fluorescence and ellipsometric studies. The nonlinear optical parameters such as nonlinear absorption coefficient β eff (or β 2), the imaginary third-order susceptibility (Im[χ (3)]) and the imaginary part of second-order hyperpolarizability (γ) of the samples were evaluated using the open-aperture Z-scan technique with a laser pulse duration of 10 ns at 532 nm wavelength. The corresponding numerical values of these parameters were of 10−10, 10−11 and 10−32 order, respectively. Two-photon absorption was revealed to be the main driving physical mechanism in the nonlinear response. This suggests that laccaic acid dye can be a potential candidate for NLO materials application