Intraocular Nematodiasis in a Llama (\u3cem\u3eLama glama\u3c/em\u3e)

This report describes a unique case of presumed migration of Parelaphastrongylus tenuis through the spinal cord into the eye of a llama where it survived and matured within the ocular environment. Blindness of the eye was most likely attributable to migration of the parasite through the central nervous tissue. Résumé Infestation par les nématodes intraoculaire chez un lama (Lama glama). Ce rapport décrit un cas unique de migration présumée de Parelaphastrongylus tenuis dans la colonne vertébrale jusque dans l’œil d’un lama où il a survécu et est parvenu à maturité dans l’environnement oculaire. La cécité de l’œil a été le plus probablement attribuable à la migration du parasite dans les tissus du système nerveux central. (Traduit par Isabelle Vallières

Diagnostic approaches, aetiological agents and their associations with short-term survival and laminitis in horses with acute diarrhoea admitted to referral institutions

Background: An international description of the diagnostic approaches used in different institutions to diagnose acute equine diarrhoea and the pathogens detected is lacking. Objectives: To describe the diagnostic approach, aetiological agents, outcome, and development of laminitis for diarrhoeic horses worldwide. Study design: Multicentre retrospective case series. Methods: Information from horses with acute diarrhoea presenting to participating institutions between 2016 and 2020, including diagnostic approaches, pathogens detected and their associations with outcomes, were compared between institutions or geographic regions. Results: One thousand four hundred and thirty‐eight horses from 26 participating institutions from 4 continents were included. Overall, aetiological testing was limited (44% for Salmonella spp., 42% for Neorickettsia risticii [only North America], 40% for Clostridiodes difficile, and 29% for ECoV); however, 13% (81/633) of horses tested positive for Salmonella, 13% (35/262) for N. risticii, 9% (37/422) for ECoV, and 5% (27/578) for C. difficile. C. difficile positive cases had greater odds of non‐survival than horses negative for C. difficile (OR: 2.69, 95%CI: 1.23–5.91). In addition, horses that were positive for N. risticii had greater odds of developing laminitis than negative horses (OR: 2.76, 95%CI: 1.12–6.81; p = 0.029). Main limitations: Due to the study's retrospective nature, there are missing data. Conclusions: This study highlighted limited diagnostic investigations in cases of acute equine diarrhoea. Detection rates of pathogens are similar to previous reports. Non‐survival and development of laminitis are related to certain detected pathogens

Survival rates and factors associated with survival and laminitis of horses with acute diarrhoea admitted to referral institutions

Background: Clinicopathological findings and their association with the outcome and development of laminitis in horses with acute diarrhoea has not been investigated in a multicentre study across different geographic regions.ObjectivesDescribe and compare clinicopathologic findings of diarrhoeic horses between different geographic regions, survival rates and factors associated with non‐survival and laminitis.Study designMulticentre retrospective case series. Methods: Information from horses with acute diarrhoea presenting to participating institutions between 2016 and 2020 was collected, and clinicopathological data were compared between surviving and non‐surviving horses and horses that did and did not develop laminitis. Survival rates and seasonal and geographic differences were also investigated. Results: One thousand four hundred thirty‐eight horses from 26 participating institutions from 4 continents were included; 76% survived to discharge with no differences identified between geographic regions. The survival proportion of horses with SIRS and creatinine concentrations > 159 μmol/L was 55% (154/279) compared with 81% (358/437) for those with SIRS and creatinine concentrations  2.8 mmol/L was 59% (175/298) compared with 81% (240/296) in horses with SIRS and L‐lactate concentration < 2.8 mmol/L (p < 0.001). The proportion of horses that developed laminitis was lower in Europe (4%, 19/479) compared with North America (8%, 52/619), Australia (8%, 12/138) and Latin America (11%, 16/146) (p < 0.05). More horses developed laminitis in the summer (46%, 39/85) compared with winter (18%, 15/85), spring (18%, 15/85) and fall (19%, 16/85) (p < 0.01). Horses with laminitis had greater odds of non‐survival than those without laminitis (OR: 3.73, 95% CI: 2.47–5.65). Main limitations: Not all variables were available for all horses due to the retrospective nature. Conclusions: Clinicopathological findings in horses with acute diarrhoea and their association with survival are similar across geographic regions. However, developing laminitis secondary to diarrhoea is less common in Europe. In addition, factors associated with non‐survival were indicative of disease severity and subsequent cardiovascular compromise

The impact of horse age, sex and number of riders on horse performance in British Eventing horse trials

Background Limited research has been undertaken to determine the impact of horse age, sex and number of riders on horse performance in British Eventing (BE) horse trials. Improved understanding of this can aid professionals in planning a competition horse’s career. Objectives To investigate the impact of age, sex and number of riders on the peak performance of horses at each of the main levels of BE competitions. Methods The best score from each horse competing in BE horse trials in the years 2008 to 2018 were recorded, principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis was performed. Basic data analysis was used to identify variables associated with particular better-performing clusters of horses. The interplay of the combinatory variables was then used to map out the trends in career trajectory for horses competing at each level of competition in the best and worst performing clusters. Results and conclusions: The peak performance of mares was worse than geldings and stallions at all levels. At Novice to Advanced, stallions did not perform as consistently with multiple riders as geldings. The age at which the best performing groups peaked was similar for mares and geldings in all classes, although stallions peaked at an older age than mares and geldings at Novice and Intermediate level. All horses were a minimum of four years old at the time of competition, as per British Eventing rules

Platelet activation and platelet-neutrophil interactions in equine recurrent airway obstruction

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