Dilution of the magnetic lattice in the Kitaev candidate α\alpha-RuCl3_3 by Rh3+^{3+} doping

Magnetic dilution of a well-established Kitaev candidate system is realized in the substitutional Ru$_{1-x}$Rh$_x$Cl$_3$ series ($x = 0.02-0.6$). Optimized syntheses protocols yield uniformly-doped single crystals and polycrystalline powders that are isostructural to the parental $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ as per X-ray diffraction. The Rh content $x$ is accurately determined by the quantitative energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy technique with standards. We determine the magnetic phase diagram of Ru$_{1-x}$Rh$_x$Cl$_3$ for in-plane magnetic fields from magnetization and specific-heat measurements as a function of $x$ and stacking periodicity, and identify the suppression of the magnetic order at $x \approx 0.2$ towards a disordered phase, which does not show any clear signature of freezing into a spin glass. Comparing with previous studies on the substitution series Ru$_{1-x}$Ir$_x$Cl$_3$, we propose that chemical pressure would contribute to the suppression of magnetic order especially in Ru$_{1-x}$Ir$_x$Cl$_3$ and that the zigzag magnetic ground state appears to be relatively robust with respect to the dilution of the Kitaev--$\Gamma$--Heisenberg magnetic lattice. We also discovered a slight dependence of the magnetic properties on thermal cycling, which would be due to an incomplete structural transition

Economic Load Dispatch Downside with Valve - Point Result Employing a Binary Bat Formula

This paper proposes application of BAT algorithm for solving economic load dispatch problem. BAT algorithmic rule is predicated on the localization characteristics of micro bats. The proposed approach has been examined and tested with the numerical results of economic load dispatch problems with three and five generating units with valve point loading without considering prohibited operating zones and ramp rate limits. The results of the projected BAT formula are compared with that of other techniques such as lambda iteration, GA, PSO, APSO, ABC and basic principle. For each the cases, the projected algorithmic program outperforms the answer reported for the existing algorithms. Additionally, the promising results show the hardiness, quick convergence and potency of the projected technique.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v4i1.423