O efeito do tipo de banco na postura adotada por médicos dentistas: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Os Médicos Dentistas (MD) são um grupo com elevado risco de desenvolver lesões musculosqueléticas relacionadas com o trabalho (LMERT), devido à exigência da sua profissão. As tarefas dentárias são minuciosas, requerem uma elevada atenção, precisão e aptidão manual, associadas à combinação de movimentos repetitivos com a execução de força e os movimentos extremos de flexão, extensão ou rotação das articulações dos membros. A evolução da tecnologia e a criação de bancos ergonómicos veio revolucionar a qualidade de trabalho do MD, com o intuito de melhorar a postura adotada. Assim, o principal objetivo deste estudo foi compreender de que forma o tipo de banco utilizado pode influenciar a postura adotada por Médicos Dentistas, através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Esta revisão sistemática baseou-se em itens preferenciais das diretrizes do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) e a pesquisa nas bases de dados, nomeadamente, PubMed, MEDLINE Complete, Web Of Science, Academic Search Complete e CINAHL Complete. Para a avaliação da qualidade dos estudos incluídos foi utilizada a Modified Downs and Black checklist. Foram incluídos na revisão da literatura 25 artigos científicos que utilizaram métodos de avaliação de risco de LMERT, sendo que quatro deles avaliavam o efeito de diferentes tipos de banco (banco convencional versus banco ergonómico) na postura e na atividade elétrica muscular. Os bancos ergonómicos contribuem para uma melhor postura de trabalho do MD, visto que permitem a manutenção da lordose lombar, associada a uma menor pressão dos discos intervertebrais, em comparação com os bancos convencionais. O Xsens MVN poderá ser o método que permite uma medição do movimento humano com maior precisão e orientação em tempo real. Assim, torna-se necessário a realização de estudos futuros que avaliem o efeito entre diferentes tipos de banco e que comparem diferentes métodos de avaliação do risco de LMERT, de modo, a contribuir para a investigação da Ergonomia em Medicina Dentária

Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of Hyptis suaveolens,Hyptis pectinata and Hyptis marrubioides in Caenorhabditiselegans

The increasing trend for the use of natural products as sources of pharmacologically active molecules has changed attitudes in the population. Given the existing demand, a credible scientific analysis and validation of the effect of these natural products is necessary. The genus Hyptis Jacq. (Lamiaceae) has about 300 species with wide distribution, among which Hyptis suaveolens, Hyptis pectinata and Hyptis marrubioides (HS, HP, HM, respectively) are used in folk medicine and are commercialized in street markets for treatment of several diseases. This study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective activity, as well as to elucidate some of the cellular mechanisms involved in the pharmacological action of HS/HP/HM plant extracts using Caenorhabditis elegans, as an animal model. For this purpose, we used a C. elegans model of Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), expressing a human mutant ATXN-3 and a C. elegans model of frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism-17 (FTDP-17), expressing a mutant form of tau protein, and tested ethanolic leaf extracts from HS, HP, and HM. Our data showed that chronic treatment with 1 mg/ mL of HS/HP/HM extracts had a beneficial impact in these diseases since it significantly ameliorated the locomotor defects exhibited by C. elegans. Moreover, with C. elegans model of MJD, the chronic treatment with the Hyptis extracts also increased the animals survival. We observed, in both models, a significant protection against jugloneinduced oxidative damage (by more than 50%), after chronic treatment with these extracts. Using C. elegans reporter strains we also observed a higher induction of gst-4, in HS/HP/HM extract-treated animals upon exposure to oxidative damage. Our findings support an antioxidant and neuroprotective activity of HS, HP e HM, suggesting the activating specific antioxidant enzymes like gst-4.This work was supported by national funds from FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the projects PTDC/AGR-ALI/105169/2008, PEst-OE/AGR/UI4033/2014, and INTERACT—ISAC project, no. NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000017, cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Regional Operational Program 2014/2020).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data