French Prisoners of War in South of Soviet Russia in Spring and Summer of 1919

The article examines the plot about the stay of French servicemen in captivity in the south of  Russia  at  the  end  of  the  intervention  of the Entente countries (spring-summer 1919). The relevance of the study is due to the need to revise the point of view established in Russian historiography about the voluntary and massive transition of the French military to the side of the Bolsheviks. The author dwells on the circumstances of captivity and the period of detention of foreigners. Particular attention is paid to the attempt by the Bolsheviks to spread the ideas of the left movement and attract prisoners to the ranks of the Red Army. This activity was carried out through the creation of communist groups at the Foreign Collegium in Odessa. Using the example of the work of the French Communist Group employees, it was possible to identify agitation and propaganda methods of persuading the compatriots to the side of the Bolsheviks. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that for the reconstruction of the  methods of campaigning, the author involved materials from the archives of the French Ministry of Defense, which make it possible to determine the circle of agitators and concretize methods of recruiting foreigners. The author proved that there was no mass transition to the side of the Bolsheviks, the agitators managed to persuade only a few prisoners of the French and most of the servicemen remained faithful to this oath

French Communist Group in Moscow: Formation and Activities (1918—1920)

The problem of studying the activities of the French Communist Group (FCG), created in Russia in 1918 on the initiative of the Russian Communist Party, is examined. In domestic and foreign historiography, there are works devoted to the history of the formation of this organization and the composition of the group. An analysis of the works shows that the work of the French group in several cities of Russia is presented as the activity of one organization. In this article, special attention is paid to studying the work of the main bureau of the FCG, located in Moscow in the 1918—1920s, as the key core of the organization. The source base of the study is archival documents and sources of personal origin. The appearance, activity and dissolution of the Moscow bureau of the Federal Financial Group are analyzed, the quantitative and professional composition of the participants, the structure of subordination and the distribution of responsibilities are revealed. The main task facing the bureau members was determined — propaganda activities. The main lines of propaganda activity of the Moscow bureau among compatriots are systematized: publication and distribution of print media, holding meetings and rallies, personal meetings and conversations, participation in the First and Second Congresses of the Comintern, work with the parliamentary opposition in France to end the intervention and spread of world revolution ideas. It is proved that, in addition to campaigning, there was also active assistance of the bureau members to French citizens residing or arrested in Russia

Between Diplomacy and Intrigue: Informal Aspects of Franco-Russian Relations in 1870s-1880s

The article deals with the informal aspects of the preparation of the Franco-Russian rapprochement in the 1870s–1880s, which later resulted in the military alliance concluded in 1894 between France and Russia. The authors consider the process of formation and strengthening of many informal networks that contributed to the emergence of a favorable basis for concluding an alliance between countries. Particular attention in the article is paid to the specifics of the activities of the salons of E.E. Trubetskoy and J. Adam, which became a platform for establishing personal contacts between persons aimed at the alliance of France and Russia. The authors dwell on a detailed analysis of the formed ties between French and Russian intellectuals, the point of contact of which was the formation of “cultural pan-Slavism”. In this regard, the activity of the editor of “Moskovskie Vedomosti” M.N. Katkov is highlighted and those vast networks and political influence that he managed to establish is identified. The authors come to the conclusion that the Franco-Russian rapprochement in the 1870s-1880s actively developed on the wave of the idea of revanchism in France and the popularity of pan-Slavism, as well as through the contacts and initiatives of individuals connected by a network of informal ties with the government circles of both states

From the Franco-Russian Alliance (1894) to the Franco-Soviet Treaty on Mutual Assistance (1935): Two Rounds of Acquaintance with the Fine Art of the Ally

Submitted: 14.08.2022. Accepted: 06.04.2023.Поступила в редакцию: 14.08.2022. Принята к печати: 06.04.2023.В статье рассмотрено возникновение взаимного интереса к искусству Франции и Российской империи в период от заключения франко-русского союза (1894) и до франко-советского пакта о взаимопомощи (1935). Автор статьи выделяет два этапа обращения к изобразительному искусству дружественного государства: рубеж XIX и XX вв. и с 1924 г. после признания СССР Францией. Характеризуя первый период интереса к изобразительному искусству, автор приводит в пример ряд мероприятий, прошедших в Российской империи и во Франции, организованных при сотрудничестве французских и русских деятелей культуры и искусства. Сделан вывод о том, что организация многочисленных выставок искусства в обеих странах свидетельствовала об обоюдном стремлении сторон познакомиться с новинками художественного жанра союзной страны, а также осмыслить страницы общей истории (в частности, война 1812 г.). Описывая новый виток знакомства с культурой Франции и СССР после 1924 г., автор, привлекая источники из фондов Российского государственного архива литературы и искусства, доказывает, что как во Франции, так и в СССР сохранялся интерес к изобразительному искусству друг друга и подпитывался за счет стремления Народного комиссариата просвещения РСФСР к сотрудничеству с Францией. В работе сделан акцент на том, что именно менее масштабные выставки, посредством которых признавалась взаимодополняемость и общность культур обеих стран, являлись главным местом культурного взаимодействия. Статья завершается выводом о том, что, несмотря на разный политический строй во Франции и Российской империи / СССР, культурные связи между странами играли существенную роль как на рубеже веков, так и в 1920–1930-е гг., когда они получили новый импульс за счет революционного прошлого обеих стран.This article considers the emergence of mutual interest in the art of France and the Russian Empire in the period from the conclusion of the Franco-Russian Alliance in 1894 to the Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance in 1935. The author of the article singles out two stages in the appeal to the fine arts of a friendly state: the turn of the twentieth century and the period following 1924 after the recognition of the USSR by France. Describing the first period of interest in the fine arts, the author refers to events that took place in the Russian Empire and in France, organised with the cooperation of French and Russian cultural and art figures. It is concluded that the organisation of numerous art exhibitions in both countries testified to the mutual desire of the parties to get acquainted with the novelties of the art genre of the other, as well as comprehend the episodes of common history (in particular, the war of 1812). Describing the new round of acquaintance with the culture of France and the USSR after 1924 and drawing on sources from the funds of the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, the author proves that both in France and in the USSR, interest in the fine arts of each other remained and was fueled by the desire of the People’s Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR to cooperate with France. The work focuses on the fact that it was the smaller exhibitions through which the complementarity and commonality of cultures of both countries were recognised and which were the main place of cultural interaction. The author concludes that despite the different political systems in France and the Russian Empire / USSR, cultural ties between the two countries played a significant role, both at the turn of the century and in the 1920s–1930s, when cultural ties between them became a new impulse due to their respective revolutionary past.Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 20-78-10014 «От Согласия к Пакту: франко-русские / франко-советские отношения в период 1890–1930-х гг.»).The research is sponsored by a grant of the Russian Science Foundation 20-78-10014 “From Entente to Pact: French-Russian/French-Soviet Relations during the 1890s–1930s”

FRENCH GROUP AT A FOREIGN COLLEGIUM IN ODESSA (1918-1919)

В статье рассматривается работа подпольной большевистской организации Иностранная коллегия в Одессе. Проанализированы два периода деятельности коллегии – до и после установления Советской власти в Одессе. Автор приходит к выводу, что при Советской власти организация была трансформирована из агитационного-пропагандистского в информационное бюро, где ее сотрудники занимались агентурной работой в пользу большевистского правительства.The article examines the work of the underground Bolshevik organization Foreign Collegium in Odessa. Two periods of the collegium’s activity are analyzed - before and after the establishment in Soviet regime. The author comes to the conclusion that under Soviet rule the organization was transformed from an agitation-propaganda into an information bureau and its employees were engaged in undercover work in favor of the Bolshevik government.Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского Научного Фонда (проект № 20-78-10014 «От Согласия к Пакту: франко-русские/франко-советские отношения в период 1890-1930-х гг.»)

Analysis of 16S rRNA gene variability in soil nitrifying bacteria of the genus Nitrosomonas

The main goal of the work was to assess variability of 16S rRNA gene sequence within the nitrifying bacterial genus Nitrosomonas to find specific sequences for its detection. To achieve it, we had to find and to assess sequences that are highly conservative on the level of the genus and to find and to assess sequences variable on the level of genus but conserved on the level of species. In the SILVA database of ribosomal RNA sequences, 231 sequences of 16S rRNAs of bacteria of the genus Nitrosomonas were collected, of which were sorted 132 sequences by length from 1400 to 1541 (full-sized gene) nucleotides. We conducted an analysis of the taxon-specificity of sequences conserved at the genus leve

Riistaeläinten populaatioiden dynamiikka Pohjois-Euroopassa: tiivistelmä : 7. kansainvälinen symposium. 24. – 28. Syyskuuta

We have studied Black Grouse population abundance and its dynamics in large regions of North-Europe and Urals’ taiga (Finland, Russian Karelia, Murmansk, Arhangel, Kirov and Komi regions and). The data is based on Winter Track Counts (WTC, Priklonski, 1973), where all grouse sightings are recorded. We also studied the longterm Black Grouse abundance changes in Russian and Belarus Natural Reserves (by “Chronical of Natural” Programme, including summer counts of forest grouses): Pinezhsky, Pechoro-Ilychskiy, National Park "Mechera", Nature Reserve "Kivach", "Bryansk Forest", Kostomuksha Nature Reserve Volzhsko-Kamsky National Nature Biosphere Reserve and Visimskiy State Nature Reserves. The highest and most stable abundances of Black Grouse were recorded from East Fennoscandia (Karelia – 3.6 birds per 10 km; Finland – 4.4, coefficient of variation – 12% and 27%, respectively), whereas in the Murmansk and Arkhangelsk Regions and Komi republic, e.g. the species abundance indices were 0.5, 2.5 and 1.1 birds per 10 km, respectively. The “Peak” and minimal abundance years do not concur in different regions of north-European taiga. In Komi in the period from 2001 to 2013, the number of the black grouse declined twice, in Arhangel in the period 30 years – decreased fivefold. In Tatarstan Republic (Volzhsko-Kamsky National Nature Biosphere Reserve) after 1980 abundance decreased rapidly and at last 10 tears – disappeared. In Central Siberia BG are small in numbers and rare. The data suggest Black Grouse abundance varies significantly across Northern Eurasia and among years. One may presume there are some factors acting in different directions: towards convergence and towards divergence of the trends.Peer reviewe

THE STUDY OF LYMPHOCYTE APOPTOSIS INDUCED BY VIBRIO CHOLERAE ANTIGENS IN THE FORMATION OF IMMUNODEFICIENCY AND THE POSSIBILITY OF ITS CORRECTION

Purpose: To study the role of lymphocyte apoptosis induced by Vibrio cholerae microbial cells and cholera toxin in the formation of the postvaccinal apoptotic immunodeficiency, as well as the possibility of its correction with the use of immunomodulator imunofan.Materials and methods: The apoptosis has been evaluated on the base of characteristic morphological changes of cells in preparations stained by histological stains, as well as by the method of flow cytofluorometry with propidium iodide staining on the cytofluorometer “NaviosТМ”.Results: It has been found that the etiological agent of cholera and its cholera toxin possess the apoptogenic activity towards murine T-lymphocytes. It has been shown that CD4+ T-cells are preferentially involved in the apoptosis. The role of scheduled cell death of immunocompetent cells in the formation of postvaccinal immunodeficiency in case of cholera is demonstrated. The preparation for immunocorrection of these changes is proposed.Summary: These findings confirm the usefulness of immunomodulator imunofan in vaccination against cholera and also open new perspectives for the improvement of cholera infection prophylaxis