4,834 research outputs found
Quasi-periodic solutions of completely resonant forced wave equations
We prove existence of quasi-periodic solutions with two frequencies of
completely resonant, periodically forced nonlinear wave equations with periodic
spatial boundary conditions. We consider both the cases the forcing frequency
is: (Case A) a rational number and (Case B) an irrational number.Comment: 25 pages, 1 figur
Elastic waves and transition to elastic turbulence in a two-dimensional viscoelastic Kolmogorov flow
We investigate the dynamics of the two-dimensional periodic Kolmogorov flow
of a viscoelastic fluid, described by the Oldroyd-B model, by means of direct
numerical simulations. Above a critical Weissenberg number the flow displays a
transition from stationary to randomly fluctuating states, via periodic ones.
The increasing complexity of the flow in both time and space at progressively
higher values of elasticity accompanies the establishment of mixing features.
The peculiar dynamical behavior observed in the simulations is found to be
related to the appearance of filamental propagating patterns, which develop
even in the limit of very small inertial non-linearities, thanks to the
feedback of elastic forces on the flow.Comment: 10 pages, 14 figure
Turbulence and coarsening in active and passive binary mixtures
Phase separation between two fluids in two-dimensions is investigated by
means of Direct Numerical Simulations of coupled Navier-Stokes and
Cahn-Hilliard equations. We study the phase ordering process in the presence of
an external stirring acting on the velocity field. For both active and passive
mixtures we find that, for a sufficiently strong stirring, coarsening is
arrested in a stationary dynamical state characterized by a continuous rupture
and formation of finite domains. Coarsening arrest is shown to be independent
of the chaotic or regular nature of the flow.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures; discussion on the dependence of the arrest scale
on the shear rate has been added; figures have been modified accordingl
Post-ISCO Ringdown Amplitudes in Extreme Mass Ratio Inspiral
An extreme mass ratio inspiral consists of two parts: adiabatic inspiral and
plunge. The plunge trajectory from the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO)
is special (somewhat independent of initial conditions). We write an expression
for its solution in closed-form and for the emitted waveform. In particular we
extract an expression for the associated black-hole ringdown amplitudes, and
evaluate them numerically.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures. v4: added section with numerical evaluation of
the ringdown amplitude
The three-dimensional turbulent cellular flow
We study, by means of extensive direct numerical simulations, the turbulent
flow produced by a two-dimensional cellular forcing in a cubic box with
periodic boundary conditions. In spite of the strong anisotropy of the forcing,
we find that turbulence recovers almost complete isotropy at small scales.
Nonetheless, the signature of the forcing remains in the mean flow (averaged
over time and over the homogeneous direction) and this allows to introduce a
friction factor, whose dependence on the Reynolds number is investigated. We
further find that the flow is characterized by large temporal fluctuations of
the total energy, as a consequence of the exchange between the forced mean flow
at large scales and turbulent fluctuations at small scales. Such temporal
fluctuations produce a correction to the energy spectrum that can be explained
by a simple dimensional argument.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figure
Black holes in the low mass gap: Implications for gravitational wave observations
Binary neutron-star mergers will predominantly produce black-hole remnants of
mass , thus populating the putative \emph{low mass gap}
between neutron stars and stellar-mass black holes. If these low-mass black
holes are in dense astrophysical environments, mass segregation could lead to
"second-generation" compact binaries merging within a Hubble time. In this
paper, we investigate possible signatures of such low-mass compact binary
mergers in gravitational-wave observations. We show that this unique population
of objects, if present, will be uncovered by the third-generation
gravitational-wave detectors, such as Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope.
Future joint measurements of chirp mass and effective spin
could clarify the formation scenario of compact objects in the
low mass gap. As a case study, we show that the recent detection of GW190425
(along with GW170817) favors a double Gaussian mass model for neutron stars,
under the assumption that the primary in GW190425 is a black hole formed from a
previous binary neutron star merger.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. v4: matches the version accepted for
publication in Phys. Rev.
Two-dimensional elastic turbulence
We investigate the effect of polymer additives on a two-dimensional
Kolmogorov flow at very low Reynolds numbers by direct numerical simulations of
the Oldroyd-B viscoelastic model. We find that above the elastic instability
threshold the flow develops the elastic turbulence regime recently observed in
experiments. We observe that both the turbulent drag and the Lyapunov exponent
increase with Weissenberg, indicating the presence of a disordered,
turbulent-like mixing flow. The energy spectrum develops a power-law scaling
range with an exponent close to the experimental and theoretical expectations
Distinguishing double neutron star from neutron star-black hole binary populations with gravitational wave observations
Gravitational waves from the merger of two neutron stars cannot be easily
distinguished from those produced by a comparable-mass mixed binary in which
one of the companions is a black hole. Low-mass black holes are interesting
because they could form in the aftermath of the coalescence of two neutron
stars, from the collapse of massive stars, from matter overdensities in the
primordial Universe, or as the outcome of the interaction between neutron stars
and dark matter. Gravitational waves carry the imprint of the internal
composition of neutron stars via the so-called tidal deformability parameter,
which depends on the stellar equation of state and is equal to zero for black
holes. We present a new data analysis strategy powered by Bayesian inference
and machine learning to identify mixed binaries, hence low-mass black holes,
using the distribution of the tidal deformability parameter inferred from
gravitational-wave observations.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures - v2: matches the published version in Phys. Rev.
D 102, 02302
Fertimetro, a Principle and Device to Measure Soil Nutrient Availability for Plants by Microbial Degradation Rates on Differently-Spiked Buried Threads
A novel patented method (PCT/IB2012/001157: Squartini, Concheri, Tiozzo, University of Padova) and the corresponding application devices, suitable to measure soil fertility, are presented. The availability or deficiency of specific nutrients for crops is assessed by monitoring the kinetics of progressive weakening of cotton or silk threads due to in situ microbial activity. The method is based on a nutrient-primed incremented substrate degradation principle. Threads are buried as is or pre-impregnated with N or P solutions, and the acceleration of the degradation rate for the N-supplemented or P-supplemented thread, in comparison to the untreated thread, is proportional to the lack of the corresponding nutrient in that soil. Tests were validated on corn crops in plots receiving increasing fertilizer rates in a historical rotation that has been established since 1962. The measurement carried out in May significantly correlated with the subsequent crop yields recorded in October. The analysis allows an early, inexpensive, fast, and reproducible self-assessment at field level to improve fertilization rates. The device is envisaged as a user-friendly tool for agronomy, horticulture, and any environmental applications where organic matter cycling, soil quality, and specific nutrients excess or deficiency are critical considerations
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