Devenir, être et avoir été un footballeur camerounais

Ce travail s’intéresse à l’après-carrière des footballeurs camerounais, en partant du principe théorique selon lequel cette dernière ne peut être appréhendée qu’en tenant compte de l’ensemble de la « carrière » des joueurs (Hughes, 1958 ; Becker, 1985), que ce soit sur le plan social, sportif ou éducationnel. Deux questions structurent cette étude: quelles sont les étapes qui poussent les footballeurs camerounais à se convertir au métier de footballeur et comment réagissent-ils au dilemme posé par l’après-carrière ? Dans un contexte post crise économique au Cameroun, l’engagement dans une carrière de footballeur offre la perspective d’une « individuation intra-collective » (Marie, 1997) qui permet, au moins dans l’imaginaire, de s'extraire du poids des liens communautaires, tout en garantissant la redistribution du fruit de son succès. Aux consécrations individuelles imposées par le milieu du football (rétributions symboliques, attribution d’un surnom, sélection en équipe nationale,…) s’ajoute le soutien apporté par le joueur à leur entourage, transformant ainsi la conversion individuelle en un projet collectif. L’inertie de cette conversion pose néanmoins problème en fin de carrière. Sur le plan subjectif, les joueurs restent profondément convertis au football, et en particulier au projet collectif mis en place durant leur carrière. Cette conversion contraste avec la réalité objective des joueurs, puisque la carrière sportive a une fin. Dès lors une série d’adaptations sont nécessaires afin de résoudre ce dilemme et d’éviter de se retrouver bloqué dans la conversion. A l’aide de trente entretiens réalisés sous la forme de récits de vie, complétés par un travail d’ethnographie effectué au Cameroun et dans la région parisienne, ce travail vise à articuler une sociologie des dispositions et le concept de carrière avec les caractéristiques socio-anthropologiques des milieux dans lesquels les joueurs ont grandi, évolué professionnellement et dans lesquels ils cherchent à se construire une nouvelle vie. -- This study focuses on the post-career of Cameroonian footballers. It is based on the theoretical principle that the post-career can only be understood by viewing the "career" as a whole (Hughes, 1958, Becker, 1985) whether socially, sportively or educationally. Two questions structure this work: what is the process of conversion that occurs which transforms amateur footballers into professionnals and how do they react to the dilemma posed by the post-career? In the context of a post economic crisis Cameroun, a career as a professional footballer offers the prospect of an "intra-collective individuation" (Marie, 1997), which allows, at least in the imagination, to move away from the constraints of familial and community ties while simultaneously guaranteeing the redistribution of any fruit of its success. In addition to the individual consecrations imposed by the football community (symbolic rewards, the assignment of a nickname, a selection in the national team, etc.), the support given to the extendend family transforms individual endeavor into a collective project. Nevertheless, the inertia of this conversion is problematic. On the subjective level, players’ identities and lives remain intensely linked to football, and in particular to the collective project set up during their early career. Nevertheless, this situation contrasts with the players objective reality: the sporting career has an end, at which point a series of adaptations are necessary in order to solve this problem and to avoid getting trapped in the footballer persona and thus unable to advance. Based on thirty life stories interviews, completed by ethnographic fieldwork in Cameroon and in the Parisian region, this work articulates a sociology of dispositions, the concept of career and socio-anthropological characteristics of the environment in which players grow up, play and try to build a new life after the end of their career

A comparative descriptive analysis of perceived quality of caring attitudes and behaviours between haemodialysis patients and their nurses

Despite its importance in nursing, perceived quality of the nurse-patient relationship has seldom been researched. This study sought to examine and compare the quality of caring attitudes and behaviours as perceived by haemodialysis patients and their nurses. Design This comparative descriptive study involved 140 haemodialysis patients and 101 nurses caring for them in ten haemodialysis units in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Methods Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Caring Nurse-Patient Interaction Scale (CNPI-70). Results Both nurses and patients reported a high frequency of caring attitudes and behaviours. Patients gave higher ratings than nurses did on all the caring dimensions, except spirituality. Implications are discussed

Euro 2008 in Geneva: A city's experience organizing a large-scale event. Examining ''friendly'' fan and hooligan behaviour in the Fan Zone

Eesti Arst 2013; 92(3):124–12

Ruptures, fragilités et adaptations: Perceptions socio-anthropologiques dans le contexte du Cameroun

Actes du colloque scientifique organisé le 7 aout 2014 au centre « the forest trust » (Tft) de Yaound

A roadmap for a European extraterrestrial sample curation facility – the EURO CARES project

Sample return missions are among the most exciting space missions, providing both scientifically unique information and an unparalleled mechanism for the inspiring the public. Returned samples allow us to make critical ground truth measurements that can calibrate remote sensing measurements from spacecraft. Some scientific studies can only be done in laboratories rather than remotely or with landed spacecraft. Currently Europe does not have a facility suitable for the curation of returned extra-terrestrial samples. This not only hinders European Space Agency (ESA) missions, but also renders European institutions and Principal Investigators unable to fully participate as equal participants in missions implemented by other countries. The EUROsingle bondCARES project was the first European attempt to review and evaluate the current state-of-the-art in curatorial practice for sample return missions, and determine the different and necessary steps in order to create a fully functional European Extra-terrestrial Sample Curation Facility to match the ESA requirements