8 research outputs found

    An alternative competing risk model to the Weibull distribution in lifetime data analysis

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    A simple competing risk distribution as a possible alternative to the Weibull distribution in lifetime analysis is proposed. This distribution corresponds to the minimum between exponential and Weibull distributions. Our motivation is to take account of both accidental and aging failures in lifetime data analysis. First, the main characteristics of this distribution are presented. Then the estimation of its parameters are considered through maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Decision tests to choose between an exponential, Weibull and this competing risk distribution are presented. And this alternative model is compared to the Weibull model from numerical experiments on both real and simulated data sets

    Une modélisation du vieillissement

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    Cette thèse traite de l'existence et de la formalisation du vieillissement de systèmes que l'on rencontre dans le domaine de la fiabilité. Comme entrée en matière nous étudions une approche bayésienne non informative du test de l'exponentialité contre une loi de Weibull. Nous proposons ensuite une nouvelle modélisation du vieillissement adaptée aussi bien aux cas des matériels réparables que non réparables. L'objectif de cette modélisation est double. D'un côté le modèle fait apparaître explicitement un paramètre correspondant à un instant de début du vieillissement, de l'autre il permet de dissocier les deux causes principales d'une défaillance, à savoir l'accident et le vieillissement. En définitive, la loi du modèle s'interprète dans le cas d'un matériel non réparable comme le minimum d'une loi exponentielle et d'une loi de Weibull décalée indépendantes ; dans le cas d'un matériel réparable, il s'agit de la superposition d'un processus de Poisson homogène et d'un processus de Weibull décalé indépendants. Dans ce cadre, nous développons une procédure d'estimation par le maximum de vraisemblance utilisant l'algorithme EM. Nous prouvons l'existence d'une solution convergente de l'équation de vraisemblance, dans le cas non réparable. Enfin, nous présentons des résultats de simulations qui montrent la cohérence de cette approche. En second lieu, nous proposons un test global de l'existence du vieillissement, pour lequel nous prouvons que la variable de décision a une loi indépendante du paramètre sous Ho. Nous construisons alors une table des seuils critiques pour différents risques [alpha]. Enfin nous examinons des applications réelles de notre modèle principalement dans le domaine industriel, mais aussi dans le domaine actuariel puisque nous proposons finalement l'analyse d'une table de mortalité.GRENOBLE1-BU Sciences (384212103) / SudocGRENOBLE-MI2S (384212302) / SudocSudocFranceF

    An alternative competing risk model to the Weibull distribution in lifetime data analysis

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    A simple competing risk distribution as a possible alternative to the Weibull distribution in lifetime analysis is proposed. This distribution corresponds to the minimum between exponential and Weibull distributions. Our motivation is to take account of both accidental and aging failures in lifetime data analysis. First, the main characteristics of this distribution are presented. Then the estimation of its parameters are considered through maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Decision tests to choose between an exponential, Weibull and this competing risk distribution are presented. And this alternative model is compared to the Weibull model from numerical experiments on both real and simulated data sets

    Econometric Asset Pricing Modelling

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    The purpose of this paper is to propose a general econometric approach to asset pricing modelling based onthree main ingredients : (i) the historical discrete-time dynamics of the factor representing the information, (ii)the Stochastic Discount Factor (SDF), and (iii) the discrete-time risk-neutral (R.N.) factor dynamics. Retaining anexponential-affine specification of the SDF, its modelling is equivalent to the specification of the factor loading vectorand of the short rate, if the latter is neither exogenous nor a known function of the factor. In this general framework,we distinguish three modelling strategies: the Direct Modelling, the Risk-Neutral Constrained Direct Modelling andthe Back Modelling. In all the approaches we study the internal consistency constraints, implied by the absence ofarbitrage opportunity (AAO) assumption, and the identification problem. We also propose interpretations of thefactor loading vector in terms of market price of risk. The general modelling strategies are applied to two importantcases: security market models and term structure of interest rates models. In the context of security market models,we show the relevance of our methods for various kinds of specifications: switching regime models, stochastic volatilitymodels, Gaussian and Inverse Gaussian GARCH-type models (with or without regime-switching). In the interestrates modelling context, we consider several illustrations: VAR modelling, Switching VAR modelling and Wishartmodelling. We also propose, using a Gaussian VAR(1) approach, an example of joint modelling of geometric returns,dividends and short rate. In these contexts we stress the usefulness of the Risk-Neutral Constrained Direct Modellingapproach and of the Back Modelling approach, both allowing to conciliate a flexible historical dynamics and a CarR.N. dynamics leading to explicit or quasi explicit pricing formulas for various derivative products. Moreover, wehighlight the possibility to specify asset pricing models able to accommodate non-affine historical and R.N. factordynamics with tractable pricing formulas. In this respect we introduce the new notion of Extended Car process whichis particularly promising.

    Dictionnaire de physique /

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    Plates to accompany this work published under title: Planches du dictionnaire de physique (Paris : Mme. veuve Agasse, 1816).Vol. 2 published 1816, v. 3 - 1819, v. 4 - 1822 (v. 2-4 by Mme. veuve Agasse).Vol. 2-4 have title: Physique / par MM. Monge, Cassini, Bertholon, Hassenfratz, &c. &c.Issued as part of the Encyclopédie méthodique, ou par ordre de matières.t. 1. A-Buf -- t. 2. Supplément au premier volume de physique. Aba-D -- t. 3. E-Max -- t. 4. Mau-Z.Mode of access: Internet

    Varia

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