23,654 research outputs found
Quantum hamiltonians and prime numbers
A short review of Schroedinger hamiltonians for which the spectral problem
has been related in the literature to the distribution of the prime numbers is
presented here. We notice a possible connection between prime numbers and
centrifugal inversions in black holes and suggest that this remarkable link
could be directly studied within trapped Bose-Einstein condensates. In
addition, when referring to the factorizing operators of Pitkanen and Castro
and collaborators, we perform a mathematical extension allowing a more standard
supersymmetric approachComment: 10 pages, 2 figures, accepted as a Brief Review at MPL
Subwavelength fractional Talbot effect in layered heterostructures of composite metamaterials
We demonstrate that under certain conditions, fractional Talbot revivals can
occur in heterostructures of composite metamaterials, such as multilayer
positive and negative index media, metallodielectric stacks, and
one-dimensional dielectric photonic crystals. Most importantly, without using
the paraxial approximation we obtain Talbot images for the feature sizes of
transverse patterns smaller than the illumination wavelength. A general
expression for the Talbot distance in such structures is derived, and the
conditions favorable for observing Talbot effects in layered heterostructures
is discussed.Comment: To be published in Phys. Rev.
The Effects of Childhood Social Support and Family Resiliency on Mental Health in Adulthood
The effect of social support on the overall health and quality of life in adulthood has been well documented particularly in chronic disease populations. Very few studies examined the relationships between childhood social support, family resiliency and mental health in adulthood in the community and among disadvantaged minority populations. We examined the role of social support and family resilience during childhood on subsequent mental health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adulthood among racial/ethnic minorities.
A needs assessment survey which was designed to explore health determinants and quality of life indicators using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach in a low-income community in Tampa was analyzed. Participants were predominantly low-income non-Hispanic black and Hispanic population (n=187). The outcome mental HRQoL was measured using the validated Centers for Disease Control and Preventionâs (CDC) âHealthy Days Measureâ instrument. We utilized sequential multivariable logistic regression models to examine the independent effects of childhood social support and family resiliency on mental HRQoL in adulthood.
Approximately 12.3% of study participants reported poor mental HRQoL (i.e. â„14 unhealthy days due to mental health). Childhood social support and family resiliency were significant predictors of mental HRQoL in adulthood, after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Sleep and composite health issues in adulthood were also associated with mental HRQoL.
Our analyses highlight an opportunity to promote mental health through support of interventions that improve positive family relationships and reduce the burden of chronic health issues among non-Hispanic black and Hispanic children
Crystallization of Carbon Oxygen Mixtures in White Dwarf Stars
We determine the phase diagram for dense carbon/ oxygen mixtures in White
Dwarf (WD) star interiors using molecular dynamics simulations involving liquid
and solid phases. Our phase diagram agrees well with predictions from Ogata et
al. and Medin and Cumming and gives lower melting temperatures than Segretain
et al. Observations of WD crystallization in the globular cluster NGC 6397 by
Winget et al. suggest that the melting temperature of WD cores is close to that
for pure carbon. If this is true, our phase diagram implies that the central
oxygen abundance in these stars is less than about 60%. This constraint, along
with assumptions about convection in stellar evolution models, limits the
effective S factor for the C()O reaction to
S_{300} <= 170 keV barns.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, Phys. Rev. Lett. in pres
Neutrino Scattering in Heterogeneous Supernova Plasmas
Neutrinos in core collapse supernovae are likely trapped by neutrino-nucleus
elastic scattering. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we calculate neutrino
mean free paths and ion-ion correlation functions for heterogeneous plasmas.
Mean free paths are systematically shorter in plasmas containing a mixture of
ions compared to a plasma composed of a single ion species. This is because
neutrinos can scatter from concentration fluctuations. The dynamical response
function of a heterogeneous plasma is found to have an extra peak at low
energies describing the diffusion of concentration fluctuations. Our exact
molecular dynamics results for the static structure factor reduce to the Debye
Huckel approximation, but only in the limit of very low momentum transfers.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figure
Diffusion of Neon in White Dwarf Stars
Sedimentation of the neutron rich isotope Ne may be an important
source of gravitational energy during the cooling of white dwarf stars. This
depends on the diffusion constant for Ne in strongly coupled plasma
mixtures. We calculate self-diffusion constants from molecular dynamics
simulations of carbon, oxygen, and neon mixtures. We find that in a
mixture does not differ greatly from earlier one component plasma results. For
strong coupling (coulomb parameter few), has a modest
dependence on the charge of the ion species, .
However depends more strongly on for weak coupling (smaller
). We conclude that the self-diffusion constant for
Ne in carbon, oxygen, and neon plasma mixtures is accurately known so
that uncertainties in should be unimportant for simulations of
white dwarf cooling.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, minor changes, Phys. Rev. E in pres
Spectral Statistics and Dynamical Localization: sharp transition in a generalized Sinai billiard
We consider a Sinai billiard where the usual hard disk scatterer is replaced
by a repulsive potential with close to the
origin. Using periodic orbit theory and numerical evidence we show that its
spectral statistics tends to Poisson statistics for large energies when
, while for
it is independent of energy, but depends on . We apply the approach of
Altshuler and Levitov [Phys. Rep. {\bf 288}, 487 (1997)] to show that the
transition in the spectral statistics is accompanied by a dynamical
localization-delocalization transition. This behaviour is reminiscent of a
metal-insulator transition in disordered electronic systems.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let
Productivity of Florida Springs: Second annual report to Biology Branch, Office of Naval Research progress from January 1 to December 31, 1954
Production measurements at different times of the year indicate a linear relationship of light intensity and overall production at about 8% of the visible light energy reaching plant level. Measurements of a coral reef at Eniwetok indicate 6%. Further evidence of breeding at all seasons but with a quantitative pulse in the seasons of maximum light indicates that the seasonal fluctuation in primary production is routed through reproduction rather than through major changes in populations. The succession of plants and anmals of the aufwuchs has been shown with glass slides and counts from Sagittaria blades. Losss of oxygen bubbles during the day and emergence of aquatic insects at night have been measured with funnels. Bell jar measurements are reported for bacterial metabolism on mud surfaces. pH determined CO2 uptake agrees with titration determinations. A few rough estimates of herbivore production have been made from caged snails, aufwuchs succession, and fish tagging. Nitrate uptake a night by aufwuchs communities has been confirmed in a circulating microcosm experiment as well as in bell jars in the springs. Distributions of oxygen and organisms have been used to criticize the saprobe stream classification system. Theoretical consideration of maximum photosynthetic rates in teh literature data indicates logarithmic rate variation inversely with organismal size just as for respiratory metabolism. Extreme pyramid shapes are thus shown for communities in which organismal size decreases up the food chain and for other communities with the same energy influx but with organismal size increasing up the food chain. Literature data is used to further demonstrate the validity of the optimum efficiency-maximum power principle for photosynthesis. Work on plants by Dr. Delle Natelson indicates essential stability of aquatic plant communities after 3 years and about 10-20% reproducibility in previous biomass estimates by Davis. Work on an animal picture of the fishery characteristics by Caldwell, Barry, and Odum is half completed. The study of aquatic insects in relationship to spring gradients by W.C. Sloan has been completed an an M.S. thesis. J. Yount has begun a study of affect of total productivity on community composition using aufwuchs organisms on glass slides placed in different current and light conditions in Silver Springs. (49pp.
Talbot effect in cylindrical waveguides
We extend the theory of Talbot revivals for planar or rectangular geometry to
the case of cylindrical waveguides. We derive a list of conditions that are
necessary to obtain revivals in cylindrical waveguides. A phase space approach
based on the Wigner and the Kirkwood-Rihaczek functions provides a pictorial
representation of TM modes interference associated with the Talbot effect
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