CLASIFICACION Y ENMARCACION DEL CONOCIMIENTO EDUCATIVO

Cómo una sociedad selecciona, clasifica, distribuye, transmite y evalúa el conocimiento educativo, que ella considera debe ser público, refleja tanto la distribución del poder como los principios de control social. Desde este punto de vista, las diferencias dentro de, y el cambio en, la organización, transmisión y evaluación del conocimiento educativo debiera ser una importante área de interés sociológico. (Bemstein, B., 1966, 1967; Davies, D.I., 1970a, 1970b; Musgrove, 1968, Hoyle, 1969; Young, M., 1970). Tal estudio, por supuesto, forma parte del amplio problema de la estructura y cambios en la estructura de la transmisión cultural. Por muchas razones, los sociólogos británicos han evitado el estudio de este problema. Como resultado, la sociología de la educación ha sido reducida a una serie de problemas de entrada-salida; la escuela ha sido transformada en una organización compleja, o en una institución procesadora de personas; el estudio de la socialización ha sido trivializado

CLASES SOCIALES Y PEDAGOGIAS: VISIBLES E INVISIBLES

A continuación examinaré algunos de los presupuestos y el contexto cultural de una forma de pedagogía para el pre-escolar y la escuela infantil, una forma que tiene al menos las siguientes características:1) Donde el control del maestro sobre el niño es implícito en lugar de ser explicito.2) Donde el maestro organiza idealmente el contexto que se espera el niño explore y reorganice.3) Donde dentro del contexto organizado, el niño aparentemente tiene amplios poderes sobre lo que selecciona, sobre cómo él estructura y sobre la escala del tiempo de sus actividades.4) Donde el niño aparentemente regula sus propios movimientos y relaciones sociales.5) Donde hay un reducido énfasis sobre la transmisión y adquisición de habilidades específicas.6) Donde los criterios para la evaluación de la pedagogía son múltiples, difusos y no son fácilmente mensurables

CLASES SOCIALES, LENGUAJE Y SOCIALIZACION

Puede ser útil explicitar los fundamentos teóricos de la tesis que he desarrollado durante estos diez últimos años. A pesar de que el objeto inicial de mis investigaciones lo haya constituido el problema de las diferencias en el aprendizaje escolar, la cuestión más general que lo ha inspirado ha sido la de las relaciones entre “los órdenes simbólicos y la estructura social”. De esta manera, la reflexión sobre el problema teórico de la estructura profunda de la transmisión cultural y de sus cambios ha inspirado la aproximación, al inicialmente estrecho, pero importante, problema empírico

LA RELACION ENTRE LOS CODIGOS SOCIOLINGUISTICOS Y LOS CODIGOS EDUCATIVOS (1977)

Quisiera presentar juntas las relaciones más importantes entre los ensayos del Volumen 1 y los presentados en el volumen 3. El bosquejo de la unión fue dado en el artículo titulado “A brief account of the theory of codes” que se publicó en la segunda edición del Volumen 1. Sin embargo, el asunto fue necesariamente limitado ya que no podía esperar que el lector hubiera tenido acceso a los ensayos de este volumen (Vol. 3). La tesis general se compone de dos vertientes ínter-relacionadas:1) Cómo las relaciones de clases regulan la estructura de la comunicación en la familia y por lo tanto, la orientación del código sociolingüístico inicial de los niños.2) Cómo las relaciones de clase regulan la institucionalización de los códigos elaborados en la escuela, las formas de su transmisión y por lo tanto las formas de su manifestación

Obesity, Physical Activity and Prostate Cancer: An Overview

Obesity and a lack of sufficient physical activity (PA) are recognized as risk factors for most civilization diseases, including cancer. This study synthesized the current evidence evaluating the relationship between excess body weight and prostate cancer (PCa) in the relation to the disease risk, progression, and mortality, and identifies biological plausibility of the association. We also estimated the importance of PA in intentional body weight loss. Several electronic major databases to identify eligible articles were searched until March 2022. A total 22 observational articles, the literature on the underlying biological mechanisms, and the crucial evidence of a role of PA in body weight maintenance and reduction were reviewed. The available knowledge suggests that association between body mass index and PCa is conflicting. However, the most research consistently shown that overweight/obesity was associated with higher risk of high-grade PCa and dying of PCa. Overweight/obesity can promote high-grade PCa through increased levels of secreted adipokines, increased formation of proinflammatory agents, and reduced concentration of adiponectin, among others. Being obese may by also linked with a higher risk of mortality. Exercise can decrease these health consequences related with obesity and may be effective in reduction of PCa-specific mortality, however, there are relative few studies on PA and PCa prevention among obese individuals

Peer-reviewed physical education journals from Arabic-speaking countries: a regional assessment

Purpose: Non-communicable diseases (NCD) such as heart disease, diabetes and overweight and obesity are associated with physical inactivity and represent the leading cause of death globally. In the Arabic-speaking region, NCD is associated with more than 2.3 million deaths annually with rates expected to increase. Professional physical education (PE) journals are important resources in the dissemination of knowledge from evidence to practice. With the growing physical inactivity problem among Arabic-speaking countries, the purpose of this paper is to assess the availability culturally relevant peer-reviewed physical education journals in this region. Design/methodology/approach: An assessment of professional PE journals within this region was conducted using four academic databases and journal directories. The electronic search generated 14 PE-affiliated journals in Arabic-speaking countries with a publication status of active, interrupted or ceased; search parameters were limited to English, Arabic and French languages. Findings: Results indicated that no professional publications identified in this review predates to 2005 within the Arabic-speaking region. Although all 14 journals within the sample offer both electronic and open access, only one provided both print and electronic versions. Iraq was over-represented with 12 PE journals; no other country offered more than one. Originality/value: Systematic analyses of PE prevalence among Arabic-speaking countries are scarce, and there are no current evaluations of peer-reviewed publications addressing PE within the Arabic-speaking region. PE capacity building and collaboration can be fostered, improved and maintained when supported by regionally and culturally congruent research

Psychological Stress and Cellular Aging in Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Background. Epidemiological evidence continues to accumulate on the effect of psychosocial and behavioral factors in relation to cancer risk, progression, and mortality. Material and Methods. This article presents the current evidence on the relationship between psychological stress and the risk of cancer and cellular aging process. Ten databases were searched to identify publications up to September 2019. References from retrieved articles were also reviewed. We included nine review papers and 26 cohort or case-control studies based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results. Results of previously published review articles did not show consistent evidence for the association between cancer risk and psychological stress, while previous evidence is stronger regarding the role of chronic psychological stress on cancer growth and metastasis and aging. In seven observational studies, severe life events, anxiety, depression, insufficient social support perception, or avoiding coping strategy were significantly associated with breast cancer risk. For other specific types of cancer, 11 studies reported increased risk factors for stressful life events, and two others found increased mortality or a decline in treatment adherence. Conclusions. Recent epidemiological evidence generally suggests psychosocial factors may be considered risk factors for specific types of cancer and play a key role in the cellular aging process. Understanding molecular mechanisms of the stress interaction is important in cancer management and prevention. The psychological stressors should be considered when developing or evaluating change in psychosocial practice

Dietary transition and obesity in selected Arabic-speaking countries: a review of the current evidence

Escalating obesity rates have become a significant public health problem in the Middle East and North Africa [‎MENA]‎ region and have been associated with shifts towards a westernized diet. This integrative review aimed to examine the current dietary trends and transitions and their association with obesity in Arabic-speaking countries of the MENA region. Relevant databases were searched for studies in MENA countries between 1998 and 2014 that investigated obesity trends and changes in dietary patterns at the regional level in all age groups. A total of 39 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All the articles noted that obesity was increasingly prevalent and that there was a significant dietary shift away from traditional dietary patterns; 51% reported a shift towards a westernized diet and half found that the western diet was correlated with increased obesity. Culturally relevant dietary health education and health promotion strategies are warranted to address both the dietary shifts towards the westernized diet and the increasing obesit

HACIA UNA TEORIA DEL DISCURSO PEDAGOGICO

SOBRE EL DISCURSOEn esta sección consideraremos un conjunto de presupuestos provisionales sobre el discurso, los cuales usaremos como el fundamento subyacente para nuestras consideraciones presentadas en los siguientes capítulos con respecto a aquellos discursos legitimados que definen las condiciones de ejercicio de las prácticas de reproducción (a través de la transmisión, adquisición) dentro del sistema educativo