Lower risk of atopic disorders in whole cell pertussis-vaccinated children

This study addressed whether whole cell pertussis-vaccinated children have a different risk of atopic disorders compared with children who did not receive this vaccination. Data on vaccination status, atopic disorders and child and family characteristics of the children of 700 families were collected in this retrospective study. A minority of these 700 families refused vaccinations for religious reasons. The relation between pertussis-vaccination status and atopic disorders was analysed by means of adjusted logistic regression for repeated measurements in order to account for the correlation between sibship members. The 700 families included 1,961 children. Data on vaccination status and atopic disorders were available for 1,724 children. Vaccinated children had a reduced risk of atopic disorders. Whole cell pertussis vaccination is associated with a lower risk of atopic disorders, though other vaccine components (diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis) or other vaccinations may also be involved

Randomised placebo-controlled trial of inhaled sodium cromoglycate in 1-4-year-old children with moderate asthma

BACKGROUND: Inhalation therapy with sodium cromoglycate is recommended as the first-line prophylactic treatment for moderate asthma in children. The availability of spacer devices with face-masks has extended the applicability of metered-dose inhalers to younger children. We studied the feasibility and effects of this therapy compared with placebo in children aged 1-4 years. METHODS: 218 children aged 1-4 years with moderate asthma were recruited through 151 general practitioners between March, 1995, and March, 1996. They were randomly assigned sodium cromoglycate (10 mg three times daily) or placebo, given by inhaler with spacer device and face-mask for 5 months. Rescue medication (ipratropium plus fenoterol aerosol) was available during the baseline period of 1 month and the intervention period. Parents completed a daily symptom-score list. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of symptom-free days in months 2 to 5. Analysis was by both intention to treat and on treatment. FINDINGS: 167 (77%) children completed the trial. 131 (78%) of these children used at least 80% of the recommended dose. Of the 51 children who stopped prematurely, 23 had difficulties with inhaled treatment. The mean proportion of symptom-free days for both groups was greater for the treatment period than for the baseline period (95% CI for mean difference 5.1 to 17.5 cromoglycate, 11.9 to 23.3 placebo). However there were no differences between the sodium cromoglycate and placebo groups in the proportion of symptom-free days (mean 65.7 [SD 25.3] vs 64.3 [24.5]%; 95% CI for difference -8.46 to 5.70) or in any other outcome measure. INTERPRETATION: Our study in a general practice setting shows that inhalation therapy with a spacer device and face-mask is feasible in a majority of children below the age of 4 years. However, long-term prophylactic therapy with inhaled sodium cromoglycate is not more effective than placebo in this age-group

Fusidic acid cream in the treatment of impetigo in general practice: double blind randomised placebo controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that fusidic acid would not increase the treatment effect of disinfecting with povidone-iodine alone in children with impetigo. DESIGN: Randomised placebo controlled trial. SETTING: General practices in Greater Rotterdam. PARTICIPANTS: 184 children aged 0-12 years with impetigo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical cure and bacterial cure after one week. RESULTS: After one week of treatment 55% of the patients in the fusidic acid group were clinically cured compared with 13% in the placebo group (odds ratio 12.6, 95% confidence interval 5.0 to 31.5, number needed to treat 2.3). After two weeks and four weeks the differences in cure rates between the two groups had become smaller. More children in the placebo group were non-compliant (12 v 5) and received extra antibiotic treatment (11 v 3), and more children in the placebo group reported adverse effects (19 v 7). Staphylococcus aureus was found in 96% of the positive cultures; no strains were resistant to fusidic acid. CONCLUSIONS: Fusidic acid is much more effective than placebo (when both are given in combination with povidone-iodine shampoo) in the treatment of impetigo. Because of the low rate of cure and high rate of adverse events in the placebo group, the value of povidone-iodine in impetigo can be questioned