Rapid Detection of Salmonella on Commercial Carcasses by Using Isothermal and Chimeric Primer- Initiated Amplification of Nucleic Acids (ICAN)-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in Zambia

KEY WORDS: S a l m o n e l l a, isothermal and chimeric primer, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Zambia ABSTRACT S a l m o n e l l a infections in human population belong to the most important foodborne zoonoses in the world. Therefore, studies on rapid methods for detection of S a l m o n e l l a in animal-derived foods and ready-to-eatfoods are needed. We describe a 2-step method using isothermal and chimeric Inter

Izolacija bakterija tijekom klaoničke obrade pilića za tržište u Lusaki u Zambiji.

A study was carried out in a poultry processing plant in Lusaka, Zambia, to identify and describe bacteria found in chicken carcasses leaving the processing plant for retail outlets. The thirteen different bacteria found in the chicken carcasses included: Escherichia coli (41.7%), Staphylococcus spp. (2.49%), Pseudomonas spp. (6.71%), Klebsiella spp. (1.91%), Salmonella spp. (20.53), Citrobacter spp. (6.71%), Acinetobacter spp. (0.58%), Proteus spp. (9.02%), Flavobacterium spp. (1.15%), Streptococci spp. (1.72%), Alcaligenes spp. (0.77%), Micrococcus spp. (3.84%) and Bacillus spp. (2.88%). These results showed that the chicken carcasses entering the Zambian market are a potential source of bacteria pathogens to consumers. It is therefore suggested that much more attention should be paid to the processing plant in order to control the bacterial contamination of poultry meat.Istraživanje je izvršeno u klaonici peradi u Lusaki u Zambiji te su utvrđene i opisane bakterije nađene u zaklanoj peradi koja se iz klaonice dostavlja u prodavaonice na malo. U truplima pilića ustanovljene su bakterije iz 13 različitih rodova: Escherichia coli (41,7%), Staphylococcus spp. (2,49%), Pseudomonas spp. (6,71%), Klebsiella spp. (1,91%), Salmonella spp. (20,53), Citrobacter spp. (6,71%), Acinetobacter spp. (0,58%), Proteus spp. (9,02%), Flavobacterium spp. (1,15%), Streptococci spp. (1,72%), Alcaligenes spp. (0,77%), Micrococcus spp. (3,84%) i Bacillus spp. (2,88%). Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da zaklana perad koja dolazi na tržište u Zambiji predstavlja moguću opasnost i izvor patogenih bakterija za potrošače. Stoga se preporuća mnogo veća higijenska kontrola u klaonicama peradi kako bi se spriječilo bakterijsko zagađenje piletine

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus from Pigs and Workers at Farms and Abattoirs in Zambia

Pigs have been shown to be a reservoir for recently emerging livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus (LA-SA), including methicillin resistant strains in many countries worldwide. However, there is sparse information about LA-SA strains circulating in Zambia. This study investigated the prevalence, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of S. aureus from pigs and workers at farms and abattoirs handling pigs in Lusaka Province of Zambia. A total of 492 nasal pig swabs, 53 hand and 53 nasal human swabs were collected from farms and abattoirs in selected districts. Standard microbiological methods were used to isolate and determine antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of S. aureus. Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to confirm the species identity and detect antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of isolates, whereas genetic diversity was evaluated using spa typing. Overall prevalence of S. aureus was 33.1%, 37.8% for pigs and 11.8% for humans. The isolates were resistant to several antibiotics with resistance ranging from 18% to 98% but were all susceptible to vancomycin. Typical LA-SA spa types were detected. The presence of plasmid mediated resistance genes such as tetM (12.8%), other resistance determinants and immune evasion cluster genes among the isolates is of great public health concern. Thus, continuous surveillance of S. aureus using a “One health” approach is warranted to monitor S.aureus infections and spread of antimicrobial resistance